Introductory Psychology (PSY301, 3:30-5:00pm) – Test 4

Thursday, November 15, 2007

Write your name and UTEID on both the ScanTron and on THIS test.  BUBBLE in your UTEID (in the identification section) and your form number (in the special codes section) on the ScanTron

____ 1. Dr. Huang is an expert on psychotherapy. He is giving a talk on the main reasons why psychotherapy is successful. Which of the following would be the BEST title for his talk based on Dr. Gosling’s class lecture?

a.	Trust and Status: Seeking A Stable Authority
b.	Transference and Trust: Building the Therapist-Client Relationship
c.	Dissociation and Identification: Classifying the Disorder
d.	Status and Denial: Who do you think you are?
e.	Mood and Depression: Treating the Symptoms

____ 2. Dr. Gosling is writing a book about animal personality. He needs a title that sums up the two fundamental perspectives on what ratings of animal personality tells us. Which would be the BEST title for his book?

a.	Animal’s Personality: To Eat or Not to Eat Drums.
b.	Animal Personality: Predicting Behavior or Health?
c.	Human Personality: Animals are just like us.
d.	Frontal Lobe Size: Big vs. Small Differences.
e.	Animal Personality: Are You Rating the Animal or Yourself?

____ 3. Imagine that you are working as an industrial and organizational psychologist in a new company. According to your textbook what should be your primary goal in order to promote the welfare of the company?

a.	You should devise techniques that place employees in competition with one another for salary and advancement.
b.	You should suggest policies that will improve the level of worker satisfaction since this is a good predictor of productivity.
c.	You should keep employees out of the decision-making process since this has been demonstrated to increase resentment when an employee suggestion is not taken.
d.	Provide a consistent work environment by strictly enforcing business hours.
e.	The factors leading to worker satisfaction are very dependent on the specific personalities of the workers and therefore few if any general strategies would be effective.

____ 4. Alan is a therapist whose goal is to seek insight. He lets the patient lead the discussion, often repeating the patient’s statements. What type of therapy does Alan practice?

a.	Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
b.	Deindividuation Therapy
c.	Psychoanalysis
d.	Humanistic-Client Centered Therapy
e.	Symptom-Reduction Therapy

____ 5. Depression is most likely to occur after which of the following events?

a.	Buying a car.
b.	Spraining your ankle.
c.	Running a marathon.
d.	Adopting your first pet.
e.	Getting married.

____ 6. John is on a diet and has just been to a party where many tasty desserts were served but he managed to eat celery and carrots instead. When he arrives home his roommates have ordered in pizza and beer and offer him some. According to the theory presented in your textbook on self-regulatory strength, what is the likely impact of John’s earlier attempts to regulate his eating at the party?

a.	In that self-regulatory strength is highly constant across social contexts, we would predict that John will turn down the pizza and beer.
b.	Since the ability to resist temptations of this sort is increased in familiar situations, we can expect John to reject the pizza.
c.	Since the party experience has increased the strength of his self-regulation ability he will turn down the pizza.
d.	Since the ability to resist temptations of this sort is decreased in familiar situations, John will be more likely to eat the pizza.
e.	In that the earlier experience has depleted the strength of his ability to self-regulate, John will be more likely to eat the pizza.

____ 7. One explanation offered by the textbook for the rapid recent increase in the diagnosis of dissociative disorders is that

a.	childhood physical abuse, the primary antecedent of the disorder, has increased.
b.	the disorder is caused by an environmental toxin that is now more widespread.
c.	there are more therapists.
d.	more therapists believe the disorder is real and elicit reports from their patients that confirm it.
e.	more criminals are receiving psychiatric screening and dissociative disorders are particularly prevalent in this group.

____ 8. How good are people at detecting cheaters?

a.	The closer your relationship to a person, the less likely you are to detect cheating.
b.	We are relatively sensitive to social cheating.
c.	None of us are very good but males are better than females.
d.	We can detect cheating, but primarily if we ourselves are good at cheating others.
e.	Cheaters are seldom detected, particularly if they are in-group members.

____ 9. Based on lecture, which of the following is the best analogy for approaching the study of personality?

a.	We should care about the specific chapter, not the whole book.
b.	We should care about the iceberg, and not the ship.
c.	We should care about the total GPA, not the single test score.
d.	We should care about the symptoms, not the causes.
e.	We should care about the experiment, not the results.

____ 10. All of the following are examples of the unconscious seeping into our conscious, except:

a.	Responses to Thematic Apperception Tests
b.	Cognitive Behavioral complex
c.	Sudden topic changes in conversation topic
d.	Dreams
e.	Freudian Slips

____ 11. Cognitive-behavioral therapy works best with

a.	autism.
b.	anxiety and mood disorders.
c.	schizophrenia.
d.	personality disorders.
e.	a shotgun.

____ 12. Dr. Gosling wants to know if unipolar or bipolar disorder is genetically based. What type of study should he do, and what will he probably find?

a.	A developmental study in which he finds that there is no genetic basis for depression.
b.	A case study in which he finds that unipolar depression is genetic.
c.	A twin study in which he finds that identical twins have a lower rate of bipolar co-occurrence than do non-twin siblings.
d.	An experimental study in which he finds that there is no genetic basis for depression.
e.	A twin study in which he finds that identical twins have a higher rate of bipolar co-occurrence than do non-twin siblings.

____ 13. Imagine that you have a twin who has just been diagnosed with major depression. Are your chances of showing symptoms of this disorder affected by whether he or she is an identical or a fraternal twin?

a.	It all depends upon whether you have other relatives who have also experienced depression.
b.	It all depends on whether you are a male or a female.
c.	It all depends on the Kuder-Bleibtraue hypothesis concerning neuron receptors in the hippocampus.
d.	No; both types of twins have equal susceptibility rates.
e.	Yes; your chances are much greater if you are an identical twin.

____ 14. According to your textbook, the prognosis for an autistic child is

a.	very good if treated with long-term behavioral modification.
b.	good if the disease does not appear before three years of age.
c.	excellent if given the right drugs such as SSRIs early enough.
d.	poor because the best drugs are too dangerous.
e.	poor given our current lack of understanding of the problem.

____ 15. Based on Dr. Gosling’s lecture on humans and novelty seeking, which of the following behaviors would you MOST expect a chimpanzee which is very high on novelty seeking to engage in?

a.	Smash toys it has seen before.
b.	Avoid a strange chimpanzee.
c.	Approach an unknown watering hole where crocodiles might live.
d.	Be particularly caring towards offspring.
e.	Speak English fluently.

____ 16. In Dr. Pennebaker’s lecture on mental health, many mental disorders were discussed. What Freudian concept is a key part of most of the disorders discussed?

a.	Anxiety
b.	Fixation
c.	The Preconscious
d.	Dissociation
e.	Guilt

____ 17. What is the underlying reason why triphening and ECT treat mental illnesses?

a.	They release evil spirits.
b.	They rewire the neuromuscular connections in the body, reducing catatonic symptoms in the patient.
c.	They increase transference in the patient, giving the therapist clues to the underlying problem.
d.	They increase active listening in the patient.
e.	They deliver a massive assault on the brain and body which places people in a different psychological state.

____ 18. When you go to your therapist in an attempt to overcome your fear of heights, she asks you to lie on a couch and relax and then has you imagine slowly climbing up the steps of a ladder. She is obviously using a(n) _____ form of therapy.

a.	psychoanalytic
b.	amygdala
c.	systematic desensitization
d.	insight
e.	client centered

____ 19. If you were a school administrator who was aware of the recent research on the effects of rewards on intrinsically motivated behaviors, which of the following policies would make sense?

a.	Negative rewards should replace positive ones.
b.	Teachers should use rewards to motivate behavior--but primarily for activities that students initially find interesting.
c.	The use of rewards should be minimized in the classroom.
d.	Teachers should use rewards to motivate behavior--but primarily for activities that students initially find boring or of little interest.
e.	All positive behaviors should be rewarded independent of whether students appear to initially enjoy engaging in them.

____ 20. Anush is worried that her husband is a narcissist. Which of the following ways would be the BEST test of her worry?

a.	Ask him if he worries about achieving his goals.
b.	See if he does or doesn’t look at his reflection in a pond.
c.	Keep track of how much Anush is able to exploit her husband.
d.	Keep track of whether the husband always expects Anush to do special favors for him without him reciprocating.
e.	Ask him if he has been faithful.

____ 21. Jimmy and Joyce are given the opportunity to have a treat now or to have it after they have completed their chores. Jimmy elects to wait while Joyce opts to have it immediately. Based on this simple difference in behavior we can predict that

a.	Jimmy will probably do better in school and be better liked by his teachers than will Joyce.
b.	Jimmy is viewing the treat in terms of what psychologists call “hot” cognitions while Joyce is viewing it from a “cold” cognitive perspective.
c.	Joyce is more likely to be suffering from General Anxiety Disorder (GAD) whereas Jimmy is more likely to exhibit a conversion disorder.
d.	Joyce has experienced this situation before.
e.	Jimmy is the younger of the two children.

____ 22. A central criticism of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) as a psychological assessment tool is that it

a.	depends upon clinical judgment as to what constitutes “normal” responding.
b.	is more valid with females than with males.
c.	depends on people being in a multiphasic state.
d.	does not consider the problem of people trying to exaggerate how troubled they are.
e.	is less valid when used outside of North America.

____ 23. One of the important differences between drug and cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) in the treatment of anxiety disorders is that

a.	drugs are more effective than CBT.
b.	CBT has longer lasting effects.
c.	CBT does not work without drugs.
d.	relapse is more likely in CBT.
e.	drugs target the underlying source of the anxiety while neither deals with behavioral symptoms.

____ 24. Based on lecture, which of the following would be considered the MOST recently evolved personality trait (i.e., least prevalent among all animals)?

a.	Approach/Avoidance (which refers to an animal’s basic tendencies to be bold vs. shy)
b.	Extroversion (which refers to how sociable an animal is)
c.	Conscientiousness (which refers to impulse control, planning, thinking before acting, etc.)
d.	Neuroticism (which refers to how anxious or highly strung an animal is)
e.	Agreeableness (which refers to how friendly vs. aggressive an animal is)

____ 25. What do schizophrenics and unipolar depressives have MOST in common?

a.	Both are unresponsive to medication.
b.	The cause of their disorder is mostly due to their genes.
c.	Both are mood disorders.
d.	Both are thought disorders.
e.	The cause of their disorder is an interaction between genes and the environment.

____ 26. Understanding animal personality is important for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:

a.	Knowing an animal’s personality can help us predict how it will behave.
b.	Animal personality can be used to model some aspects of human personality.
c.	Animal personality points out the flaws in human personality.
d.	Understanding animal personality can help us improve the welfare of humans and animals.
e.	Looking at the different personalities in different species can shed light on how personality developed evolutionarily.

____ 27. On the basis of recent research, the colloquial expression “misery loves company” needs to be qualified in what way?

a.	Misery loves the company of other miserable people.
b.	The colloquial expression does not need to be changed.
c.	Miserable people actually prefer to be alone.
d.	Misery loves company—but primarily if you are male.
e.	Misery loves company—but primarily if you are female.

____ 28. Imagine that you have a friend who has just been diagnosed with HIV and is justifiably distressed by this news. On the basis of Professor Pennebaker’s research, what suggestion might you make to her that would help her cope with the disease?

a.	Make it a forbidden topic of conversation with your friends.
b.	Put a positive and optimistic spin on your experiences.
c.	Make every effort not to think about the disease and the implications it might have for your physical welfare.
d.	Set aside a few days and write about it for 15-30 minutes each day to write about it.
e.	Adopt a pet (such as a dog) and spend as much time as you can with it.

____ 29. Ana dreamt that she lost her tooth while fighting a snake. According to the lecture on Freudian interpretations of dreams, what might this symbolize?

a.	Ana had a bad experience with a snake when she was a toddler.
b.	Ana is deathly afraid of snakes.