Form A

Introductory Psychology (PSY301, 2:00-3:30pm) – Test 4

Thursday, November 15, 2007

Write your name and UTEID on both the ScanTron and on THIS test.  BUBBLE in your UTEID (in the identification section) and your form number (in the special codes section) on the ScanTron

____ 1. Dr. Gosling wants to know if unipolar or bipolar disorder is genetically based. What type of study should he do, and what will he probably find?

a.	An experimental study in which he finds that there is no genetic basis for depression.
b.	A developmental study in which he finds that there is no genetic basis for depression.
c.	A twin study in which he finds that identical twins have a lower rate of bipolar co-occurrence than do non-twin siblings.
d.	A twin study in which he finds that identical twins have a higher rate of bipolar co-occurrence than do non-twin siblings.
e.	A case study in which he finds that unipolar depression is genetic.

____ 2. A friend describes having had therapy for a fear of snakes in which she was first asked to think about snakes, then shown pictures of them, and finally, several sessions later, given the opportunity to actually pick up a snake. Her therapist is obviously using

a.	drugs because it would be too dangerous to have rattlesnakes in a therapist’s office
b.	modeling.
c.	overload techniques.
d.	distraction.
e.	exposure techniques.

____ 3. Which of the following brain regions is most strongly associated with the functions that Freud assigned to the superego?

a.	hypothalamus
b.	temporal lobe
c.	prefrontal cortex
d.	amygdala
e.	Broca’s area

____ 4. One of the important differences between drug and cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) in the treatment of anxiety disorders is that

a.	CBT has longer lasting effects.
b.	relapse is more likely in CBT.
c.	drugs are more effective than CBT.
d.	CBT does not work without drugs.
e.	drugs target the underlying source of the anxiety while neither deals with behavioral symptoms.

____ 5. One explanation offered by the textbook for the rapid recent increase in the diagnosis of dissociative disorders is that

a.	more criminals are receiving psychiatric screening and dissociative disorders are particularly prevalent in this group.
b.	there are more therapists.
c.	more therapists believe the disorder is real and elicit reports from their patients that confirm it.
d.	the disorder is caused by an environmental toxin that is now more widespread.
e.	childhood physical abuse, the primary antecedent of the disorder, has increased.

____ 6. Imagine that you have a friend who has just been diagnosed with HIV and is justifiably distressed by this news. On the basis of Professor Pennebaker’s research, what suggestion might you make to her that would help her cope with the disease?

a.	Make every effort not to think about the disease and the implications it might have for your physical welfare.
b.	Make it a forbidden topic of conversation with your friends.
c.	Set aside a few days and write about it for 15-30 minutes each day to write about it.
d.	Put a positive and optimistic spin on your experiences.
e.	Adopt a pet (such as a dog) and spend as much time as you can with it.

____ 7. One of the first successful attempts at artificial intelligence was a computer program called ELIZA, designed in 1966. People were told that they would have a conversation with a therapist over the computer, typing their thoughts and reading the therapist’s responses on the monitor. Given the limited capability of computers in the 1960’s, ELIZA could only give very simple responses. Below is an example of an interaction:

Young woman – Men are all alike.

ELIZA – So you think men are all similar?

Young woman – They’re always bugging us about something specific or other.

ELIZA – Bugging you? Can you give an example?

Although all the responses were generated by the program, people thought they were talking to a real human. What kind of therapist is ELIZA emulating:

a.	humanistic
b.	symptomatic
c.	medical
d.	cognitive/behavioral
e.	psychoanalytic

____ 8. Imagine that you have a twin who has just been diagnosed with major depression. Are your chances of showing symptoms of this disorder affected by whether he or she is an identical or a fraternal twin?

a.	No; both types of twins have equal susceptibility rates.
b.	Yes; your chances are much greater if you are an identical twin.
c.	It all depends on whether you are a male or a female.
d.	It all depends upon whether you have other relatives who have also experienced depression.
e.	It all depends on the Kuder-Bleibtraue hypothesis concerning neuron receptors in the hippocampus.

____ 9. Cognitive-behavioral therapy works best with

a.	anxiety and mood disorders.
b.	a shotgun.
c.	schizophrenia.
d.	autism.
e.	personality disorders.

____ 10. Suppose that psychologists have just discovered a new personality trait in humans. Based on Dr. Gosling’s research in which he compared the different personality traits found in different species, which of the following is most likely?

a.	The trait is present in all animals, but cannot be detected with current technological methods.
b.	The trait is present in some, but not all animals.
c.	The trait is present in all animals, but not as strong as in humans.
d.	The trait is present only in primates.
e.	The trait is not present in any other animal species.

____ 11. Elderly people in nursing homes often become depressed by their inability to do the things they once could and their reliance on others. One remedy is to give these people a potted plant to take care of. This alleviates depression by:

a.	decreasing manic periods and forcing people to connect with a living object
b.	combating seasonal affective disorder by instilling people with a sense of seasons that only a plant can do
c.	counteracting learned helplessness and instilling a sense of control
d.	reducing panic attacks by making people see a concrete object (like a potted plant) that represents a cartoon character where the pot falls on his/her head
e.	removing the cognitive triad so that negative emotions don’t affect behavior

____ 12. In which of the following is the person likely to be LEAST aware of the maladaptive nature of her or his behavior?

a.	phobic disorder
b.	obsessive-compulsive disorder
c.	agoraphobia
d.	generalized anxiety disorder
e.	personality disorder

____ 13. On the basis of recent research, the colloquial expression “misery loves company” needs to be qualified in what way?

a.	Misery loves the company of other miserable people.
b.	The colloquial expression does not need to be changed.
c.	Misery loves company—but primarily if you are female.
d.	Miserable people actually prefer to be alone.
e.	Misery loves company—but primarily if you are male.

____ 14. You’re asleep and you dream that you’re sailing a boat down the street to find a

tower that housed the biggest chicken that ever was. According to Freudian thinking, this is an example of:

a.	how unacceptable thoughts are disguised by your ego when you sleep
b.	transference
c.	psychosexual schizophrenic thinking expressing themselves in dreams
d.	freudian slips in your dreams
e.	conscious thoughts creeping into the preconscious

____ 15. According to your textbook, the prognosis for an autistic child is

a.	excellent if given the right drugs such as SSRIs early enough.
b.	poor because the best drugs are too dangerous.
c.	poor given our current lack of understanding of the problem.
d.	good if the disease does not appear before three years of age.
e.	very good if treated with long-term behavioral modification.

____ 16. If you were a school administrator who was aware of the recent research on the effects of rewards on intrinsically motivated behaviors, which of the following policies would make sense?

a.	All positive behaviors should be rewarded independent of whether students appear to initially enjoy engaging in them.
b.	Teachers should use rewards to motivate behavior--but primarily for activities that students initially find boring or of little interest.
c.	Teachers should use rewards to motivate behavior--but primarily for activities that students initially find interesting.
d.	Negative rewards should replace positive ones.
e.	The use of rewards should be minimized in the classroom.

____ 17. Larry Craig, United States senator representing the state of Idaho, has been an outspoken critic against gay rights. He was also recently arrested for lewd conduct, apparently signaling his interest in homosexual sex to an undercover officer in a Minnesota airport. Supposing Sen. Craig is a homosexual (which he denies, for the record), his public outcry against gay rights would be an example of which of the following Freudian concepts?

a.	free association
b.	preconscious thought
c.	the id
d.	reaction formation
e.	projection

____ 18. John is on a diet and has just been to a party where many tasty desserts were served but he managed to eat celery and carrots instead. When he arrives home his roommates have ordered in pizza and beer and offer him some. According to the theory presented in your textbook on self-regulatory strength, what is the likely impact of John’s earlier attempts to regulate his eating at the party?

a.	Since the party experience has increased the strength of his self-regulation ability he will turn down the pizza.
b.	In that self-regulatory strength is highly constant across social contexts, we would predict that John will turn down the pizza and beer.
c.	Since the ability to resist temptations of this sort is decreased in familiar situations, John will be more likely to eat the pizza.
d.	In that the earlier experience has depleted the strength of his ability to self-regulate, John will be more likely to eat the pizza.
e.	Since the ability to resist temptations of this sort is increased in familiar situations, we can expect John to reject the pizza.

____ 19. Dr. Huang is an expert on psychotherapy. He is giving a talk on the main reasons why psychotherapy is successful. Which of the following would be the BEST title for his talk based on Dr. Gosling’s class lecture?

a.	Transference and Trust: Building the Therapist-Client Relationship
b.	Status and Denial: Who do you think you are?
c.	Trust and Status: Seeking A Stable Authority
d.	Dissociation and Identification: Classifying the Disorder
e.	Mood and Depression: Treating the Symptoms

____ 20. You’re talking to your friend Sally Mae about what you had for lunch and out of nowhere she asks you about why you seem to hate your job so much. This is an example of:

a.	Oral fixation
b.	Reaction determination
c.	Freudian slip
d.	Discontinuity
e.	Latency

____ 21. You go to a costume party where no one can guess your identity. During the evening you accidentally spill your drink on another guest. The concept of deindividuation would predict that you would

a.	feel terrible about what you did and ruminate about it for days.
b.	blame it on someone else.
c.	not view it as a negative act on your part.
d.	take responsibility for cleaning up the mess.
e.	identify yourself immediately and apologize profusely.

____ 22. Jimmy and Joyce are given the opportunity to have a treat now or to have it after they have completed their chores. Jimmy elects to wait while Joyce opts to have it immediately. Based on this simple difference in behavior we can predict that

a.	Jimmy will probably do better in school and be better liked by his teachers than will Joyce.
b.	Joyce is more likely to be suffering from General Anxiety Disorder (GAD) whereas Jimmy is more likely to exhibit a conversion disorder.
c.	Jimmy is the younger of the two children.
d.	Joyce has experienced this situation before.
e.	Jimmy is viewing the treat in terms of what psychologists call “hot” cognitions while Joyce is viewing it from a “cold” cognitive perspective.

____ 23. A plumber cares about how to fix whatever problem you called him for (e.g., unclog a drain), but doesn't care about why the problem arose. In this way, then, a plumber is like ALL of the following EXCEPT?

a.	The Cognitive-Behavioral Therapist
b.	The Electro-Convulsive Shock Therapist
c.	The Psychoanalyst
d.	The medieval triphenist
e.	The Psychiatrist

____ 24. Which of the following disorders is the most likely cause of agoraphobia (fear of crowds/public places)?

a.	anorexia
b.	depression
c.	panic disorder
d.	schizophrenia
e.	fugue state

____ 25. Chris is at a party, talking with friends. Across the room, Mike and Sarah are also having a conversation. Chris has being paying attention to his own conversation, but he notices when Mike uses the name ”Chris‘ in his conversation with Sarah. Chris’s awareness of Mike and Sarah’s conversation before he heard his name is best described by which of the following Freudian terms?

a.	preconscious
b.	fixated
c.	superegocentric
d.	unconscious
e.	conscious

____ 26. Which of the following statements about schizophrenia and bipolar disorder is FALSE?

a.	Both can have a state of relative inactivity.
b.	Both are more common in men.
c.	Both have a genetic component.
d.	Both are considered major disorders in the DSM-IV.
e.	Both are brought on by stressful events.

____ 27. Removing some of your clothes when you get overly warm is an example of

a.	the operation of a positive feedback system.
b.	an instinct.
c.	a drive state.
d.	a fixed action pattern.
e.	the operation of a negative feedback system.

____ 28. Imagine that you are working as an industrial and organizational psychologist in a new company. According to your textbook what should be your primary goal in order to promote the welfare of the company?

a.	The factors leading to worker satisfaction are very dependent on the specific personalities of the workers and therefore few if any general strategies would be effective.
b.	You should keep employees out of the decision-making process since this has been demonstrated to increase resentment when an employee suggestion is not taken.
c.	You should suggest policies that will improve the level of worker satisfaction since this is a good predictor of productivity.
d.	You should devise techniques that place employees in competition with one another for salary and advancement.
e.	Provide a consistent work environment by strictly enforcing business hours.

____ 29. Willy Jr. witnesses an airplane crash and sees people dying. He soon develops a somatoform disorder. Which of the following would most likely happen to Willy Jr.?

a.