Research in Aviation Safety

Research at the University of Texas Human Factors Research Project in aviation safety and human factors is funded under Federal Aviation Administration AAR-100 and through industry funded research projects. To learn more about specific aspects of our work in this area, follow the links below:

	LOSA - Click here for more information on the Line Operations Safety Audit (LOSA) program
	ASAP - Click here for more information on our work with the Aviation Safety Action Program (ASAP) and to view our sample ASAP reporting form.

Selected Publications

Below are selected publications related to our work in aviation safety and human factors. For a full list of all project publications, click here.

These filed are created in Adobe Acrobat (pdf). In order to view them, you must have the Acrobat reader - this is a free program available from Adobe. You can click on the following link to download this program if you do not already have it.

Helmreich, R.L. (in press). Chapter 3. The threat and error management model. In R. Dietrich & T.M. Childress (Eds.), Group Interaction in High Risk Environments.

Helmreich, R.L., & Sexton, J.B. (in press). Chapter 2. Group interaction under threat and high workload. In R. Dietrich & T.M. Childress (Eds.), Group Interaction in High Risk Environments.

Sexton, B.J., & Helmreich, R.L. (2003). Using language in the cockpit: Relationships with workload and performance. In R. Dietrich (Ed.), Communication in High Risk Environments (pp. 57-73). Berlin: Humboldt Universitat zu Berlin.

Helmreich, R.L., & Sexton, J.B. (2003). Chapter 2. Group interaction under threat and high workload. In R. Dietrich & T.M. Childress (Eds.), GroupInteraction in High Risk Environments (pp. 8-9). Berlin: Humboldt Universitat zu Berlin.

Harper, M.L., & Helmreich, R.L. (2003). Creating and maintaining a reporting culture. In Proceedings of the 12th International Symposium on Aviation Psychology (pp. 496-501). Dayton, OH: The Ohio State University.

Harper, M.L., & Helmreich, R.L. (2003). Applying the threat and error management model to an aviation safety action program. In Proceedings of the 12th International Symposium on Aviation Psychology (pp. 491-495). Dayton, OH: The Ohio State University.

Klinect, J.R., Murray, P., Merritt, A., & Helmreich, R. (2003). Line Operations Safety Audit (LOSA): Definition and operating characteristics. In Proceedings of the 12th International Symposium on Aviation Psychology (pp. 663-668). Dayton, OH: The Ohio State University.

Merritt, A.C. (2003). Aviation safety: Dominant and minority culture obligations. In Proceedings of the 12th International Symposium on Aviation Psychology (pp. 797-802). Dayton, OH: The Ohio State University.

Sexton, J.B., & Helmreich, R.L. (2003). Using language in the cockpit: Relationships with workload and performance. In R. Dietrich (Ed.), Communication in High Risk Environments (pp. 57-73). Hamburg: Helmut Buske Verlag GmbH.

Helmreich, R.L. (2002). Threat and error management: 6th generation CRM training. In Proceedings of the First TREM Workshop (ICAO) (pp. 1-14). San Salvador, El Salvador, April 30, 2002.

Klinect, J.R., Helmreich, R.L., Wilhelm, J.A., Tesmer, B., & Maurino, D. (2002). LOSA: Managing human error. ISASI Forum, 35(3), 12-15.

Helmreich, R.L. (2002). Crew performance monitoring programme continues to evolve as database grows. International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Journal, 57(4), 6-7. [Spanish and French versions of this article are available as well.].

Klinect, J. (2002). LOSA searches for operational weaknesses while highlighting systemic strengths. International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Journal, 57(4), 8-9. [Spanish and French versions of this article are available as well.].

Wilhelm, J.A. (2002). Quality data management requires strategic planning. International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Journal, 57(4), 9, 26-27. [Spanish and French versions of this article are available as well.].

Helmreich, R.L., Klinect, J.R., Wilhelm, J.A., Tesmer, B., Gunther, D., Thomas, R., Romeo, C., Sumwalt, R., & Maurino, D. (2002). Line Operations Safety Audit (LOSA). DOC 9803-AN/761. Montreal: International Civil Aviation Organization.

Helmreich, R.L. (2002). Managing threat and error in aviation and medicine. In Proceedings of the Third LOSA Week (ICAO) (pp. 15-22). , Dubai, United Arab Emirates, October 14-16, 2002.

Helmreich, R.L., Klinect, J.R., Wilhelm, J.A., & Sexton, J.B. (2002). The Line Operations Safety Audit (LOSA). In Proceedings of the Third LOSA Week (ICAO) (pp. 1-6), Dubai, United Arab Emirates, October 14-16, 2002.

Klinect, J.R. (2002). LOSA operating characteristics. In Proceedings of the Third LOSA Week (ICAO) (pp. 23), Dubai, United Arab Emirates, October 14-16, 2002.

Klinect, J.R. (2002). ICAO Third LOSA week observer training overview. Proceedings of the Third LOSA Week (ICAO) (pp. 43-51), Dubai, United Arab Emirates, October 14-16, 2002.

Sexton, J.B., & Klinect, J.R. (2001). The link between safety attitudes and observed performance in flight operations. In Proceedings of the Eleventh International Symposium on Aviation Psychology (pp. 7-13). Columbus, OH: The Ohio State University.

Helmreich, R.L., Klinect, J.R., & Wilhelm, J.A. (2001). System safety and threat and error management: The line operations safety audit (LOSA). In Proceedings of the Eleventh International Symposium on Aviation Psychology (pp. 1-6). Columbus, OH: The Ohio State University.

Klampfer, B., Flin, R., Helmreich, R.L., Hausler, R., Sexton, B., Fletcher, G., Field, P., Staender, St., Lauche, K., Dieckmann, P., & Amacher, A. (2001). Enhancing performance in high risk environments: Recommendations for the use of behavioural markers. Presented at the Behavioural Markers Workshop sponsored by the Daimler-Benz Stiftung GIHRE-Kolleg, Swissair Training Center, Zurich, July 5-6, 2001.(UTHFRP Pub262) (Download pdf)

Predmore, S., & Taggart, W. (in press). CRM in aviation - 20 years of industry, research collaboration. In Proceedings of the Sixth Annual Workshop of the Center for Human Performance in Complex Systems, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 9/22/99.

Sexton, J.B., & Klinect, J.R. (in press). The link between safety attitudes and observed performance in flight operations. In Proceedings of the Eleventh International Symposium on Aviation Psychology. Columbus, OH: The Ohio State University.

Helmreich, R.L., Klinect, J.R., & Wilhelm, J.A. (in press). System safety and threat and error management: The line operations safety audit (LOSA). In Proceedings of the Eleventh International Symposium on Aviation Psychology. Columbus, OH: The Ohio State University.

Helmreich, R.L., & Tesmer, B. (in press). Applying the threat and error model. In Proceedings of the 1999 ATA/CRM Conference, Cincinnatti, OH, 9/21/99.

Helmreich, R.L. (in press). Culture, threat, and error: Assessing system safety. In Safety in Aviation: The Management Commitment: Proceedings of a Conference. London: Royal Aeronautical Society. (UTHFRP Pub257) (Download pdf)

Helmreich, R.L., Wilhelm, J.A., Klinect, J.R., & Merritt, A.C. (2001). Culture, error and Crew Resource Management. In E. Salas, C.A. Bowers, & E. Edens (Eds.), Improving Teamwork in Organizations: Applications of Resource Management Training (pp.305-331). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. (UTHFRP Pub254) (Download pdf)

Helmreich, R.L., Klinect, J.R., Wilhelm, J.A., & Sexton, J.B. (2001). The Line Operations Safety Audit (LOSA). In Proceedings of the First LOSA Week (pp. 1-6). Cathay City, Hong Kong, March 12-14, 2001.

Helmreich, R.L., & Merritt, A.C. (2000). Safety and error management: The role of Crew Resource Management. In B.J. Hayward & A.R. Lowe (Eds.), Aviation Resource Management (pp. 107-119). Aldershot, UK: Ashgate. (UTHFRP Pub250) (Download pdf)

Sexton, J.B., & Helmreich, R.L. (2000). Analyzing cockpit communications: The links between language, performance, error, and workload. Human Performance in Extreme Environments, 5(1), 63-68.

Merritt, A.C. (2000). Culture in the cockpit: Do Hofstede's dimensions replicate? Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 31(3), 283-301.

Helmreich, R.L., Merritt, A.C., & Wilhelm, J.A. (1999). The evolution of Crew Resource Management training in commercial aviation. International Journal of Aviation Psychology, 9(1), 19-32.(UTHFRP Pub235) (Download pdf)

Helmreich, R.L. (1999). Building safety on the three cultures of aviation. In Proceedings of the IATA Human Factors Seminar (pp. 39-43). Bangkok, Thailand, August 12, 1998. (UTHFRP Pub236) (Download pdf)

Helmreich, R.L. (1999). The individual as a member of a working group: Evaluating team performance in aviation and medicine. In A. Tekian, C.H. McGuire, W.C. McGaghie, & Assoc. (Eds.), Innovative simulations for assessing professional competence: From paper-and-pencil to virtual reality (pp. 147-156). Chicago, IL: University of Illinois at Chicago.

Helmreich, R.L. (1999). CRM training primary line of defence against threats to flight safety, including human error. International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Journal, 54(5), 6-10, 29.

Helmreich, R.L. (1999). Ten years of change: Crew Resource Management 1989-1999. In Proceedings of the Fourth ICAO Global Safety and Human Factors Symposium (pp. 139-149). Santiago, Chile, April 1999.

Helmreich, R.L., Klinect, J.R., & Wilhelm, J.A. (1999). Models of threat, error, and CRM in flight operations. In Proceedings of the Tenth International Symposium on Aviation Psychology (pp. 677-682). Columbus, OH: The Ohio State University. (UTHFRP Pub240) (Download pdf)

Klinect, J.R., Wilhelm, J.A., & Helmreich, R.L. (1999). Threat and error management: Data from line operations safety audits. In Proceedings of the Tenth International Symposium on Aviation Psychology (pp. 683-688). Columbus, OH: The Ohio State University. (UTHFRP Pub241) (Download pdf)

Jones, S.G., & Tesmer, B. (1999). A new tool for investigating and tracking human factors issues in incidents. In Proceedings of the Tenth International Symposium on Aviation Psychology (pp. 696-701). Columbus, OH: The Ohio State University. (UTHFRP Pub242) (Download pdf)

Sexton, J.B., & Helmreich, R.L. (1999). Analyzing cockpit communication: The links between language, performance, error, and workload. In Proceedings of the Tenth International Symposium on Aviation Psychology (pp. 689-695). Columbus, OH: The Ohio State University. (UTHFRP Pub243) (Download pdf)

Helmreich, R.L., & Merritt, A.C. (1998). Culture at work in aviation and medicine: National, organizational, and professional influences. Aldershot, U.K: Ashgate. (Book - click here for information)

Helmreich, R.L. (1998). Error management as organisational strategy. In Proceedings of the IATA Human Factors Seminar (pp. 1-7). Bangkok, Thailand, April 20-22, 1998. (UTHFRP Pub225) (Download pdf)

Helmreich, R., Hines, W., Jones, S., Merritt, A., Sherman, P. Wilhelm, J., & Ratwatte, S. (1998). The 1997 Papers: University of Texas Aerospace Crew Research Project. In Proceedings of the Ninth International Symposium on Aviation Psychology. Columbus, OH: The Ohio State University.

Helmreich, R., & Merritt, A. (1998). Local solutions for global problems: The need for specificity in addressing human factors issues. In Proceedings of the Ninth International Symposium on Aviation Psychology (pp. 641-644). Columbus, OH: The Ohio State University.

Helmreich, R., & Wilhelm, J. (1998). CRM and culture: National, professional, organizational, safety. In Proceedings of the Ninth International Symposium on Aviation Psychology (pp. 635-640). Columbus, OH: The Ohio State University.

Merritt, A. (1998). Replicating Hofstede: A study of pilots in eighteen countries. In Proceedings of the Ninth International Symposium on Aviation Psychology (pp. 667-672). Columbus, OH: The Ohio State University.

Merritt, A., & Ratwatte, S. (1998). Who are you calling a threat?! A debate on safety in mono-versus multi-cultural cockpits. .In Proceedings of the Ninth International Symposium on Aviation Psychology (pp. 661-666). Columbus, OH: The Ohio State University.

Sherman, P., & Helmreich, R. (1998). Training for use of automation: The value of “free-play” as a complement to traditional transition training. In Proceedings of the Ninth International Symposium on Aviation Psychology (pp. 243-248). Columbus, OH: The Ohio State University.

Jones, S. (1998). Air traffic control: A starting point. In Proceedings of the Ninth International Symposium on Aviation Psychology (pp. 219-224). Columbus, OH: The Ohio State University.

Hines, W. (1998). Flightcrew performance in standard and advanced technology aircraft. In Proceedings of the Ninth International Symposium on Aviation Psychology (pp. 1066-1072). Columbus, OH: The Ohio State University.

Merritt, A.C., & Helmreich, R.L. (1997). CRM: I hate it, what is it? (Error, stress, and culture). In Proceedings of the Orient Airlines Association Air Safety Seminar (pp. 123-134). April 23-25. Jakarta, Indonesia.

Helmreich, R. (1997, May). Managing human error in aviation. Scientific American, 62-67.

Sherman, P.J., Helmreich, R.L., & Merritt, A.C. (1997). National culture and flightdeck automation: Results of a multination survey. International Journal of Aviation Psychology, 7(4), 311-329.

Connelly, P., & Kern, T. (1997). Know your team: Teamwork and Crew Resource Management. In T. Kern (Ed.), Redefining Airmanship (pp. 121-156). New York: McGraw-Hill.

Helmreich, R.L. (1997). The evolution of Crew Resource Management. In Proceedings of the IATA Human Factors Seminar (pp. 127-138). Warsaw, Poland, October 31, 1996.

Jones, S.G. (1997). The last line of defence: Building a safety net for controllers. Human Factors, 36, 11-14.

Sherman, P.J., Hines, W.E., & Helmreich, R. L.(1997). The risks of automation: Some lessons from aviation and implications for training the design. In C. Johnson (Ed.), Proceedings of the Workshop on Human Error and Systems Development (pp. 133-138). Glasgow, Scotland: University of Glasgow

Merritt, A.C., & Helmreich, R.L. (1996). Human factors on the flightdeck: The influence of national culture. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 27(1), 5-24.

Merritt, A.C., & Helmreich, R.L. (1996). Creating and sustaining a safety culture. CRM Advocate, 96-1, 8-12.

Merritt, A.C. (1996). Cultural aspects of CRM: Offsetting the effects. In Proceedings of the Shell Aircraft Aviation Safety Conference (pp. 239-250). London, September 9-11, 1996.

Helmreich, R.L., & Merritt, A.C. (1996). Cultural issues in Crew Resource Management training. In Proceedings of the ICAO Global Human Factors Seminar (pp. 141-148). Auckland, New Zealand, April, 1996.

Merritt, A.C., & Helmreich, R.L. (1996). CRM in 1995: Where to from here? In B. Hayward & A. Lowe (Eds.), Applied Aviation Psychology: Achievement, Change and Challenge (pp. 111-126). Sydney: Avebury Aviation.

Merritt, A.C., & Helmreich, R.L. (1996). Creating and sustaining a safety culture: Some practical strategies. In B. Hayward & A. Lowe (Eds.), Applied Aviation Psychology: Achievement, Change and Challenge (pp. 20-26). Sydney: Avebury Aviation.

Merritt, A.C. (1996). Facing the issue: Indirect communication in aviation. In B. Hayward & A. Lowe (Eds.), Applied Aviation Psychology: Achievement, Change and Challenge (135-142). Sydney: Avebury Aviation.

Helmreich, R.L., Merritt, A.C., & Sherman, P.J. (1996). Research project evaluates the effect of national culture on flight crew behaviour. International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Journal, 51(8), 14-16.

Merritt, A. (1995, May). Cross-cultural issues in CRM training. Airline Pilot, pp. 32-35.

Taggart, W. (1995). Regulating CRM: A replay of security training?? The CRM Advocate, 95-2, 6-9.

Butler, R. (1995). Training or intrusion?: The role of the check pilot. The CRM Advocate, 95-2, 12-13.

Merritt, A. (1995). Commercial pilot selection and training in the next ten years: Some global cultural considerations. In Proceedings of the Royal Aeronautical Society Conference “Commercial Pilot Selection and Training--The Next Ten Years”, 4.1-4.8. London, England, October 10, 1995.

Helmreich, R., & Taggart, W. (1995). CRM: Where are we today? In Proceedings of the CRM Industry Update Workshop. Seattle, WA, September 12-13, 1995.

Helmreich, R.L. (1995). Organizational and national culture: Their influence on organizational climate and human factors. In Proceedings of the ICAO Asia and Pacific Region First Regional Human Factors Training Seminar, 33-47. Hong Kong, China, September 4-6, 1995.

Merritt, A.C. (1995). Facing the issue. The CRM Advocate, 95-4, 1-7.

Helmreich, R.L., Taggart, W.R., Law, J.R., Merritt, A.C., Sherman, P.J., & Wilhelm, J.A. (1995). 1995 Papers: The NASA/University of Texas/FAA Aerospace Crew Research Project (pp. 669-693). In Proceedings of the Eighth International Symposium on Aviation Psychology (pp. 669-693). Columbus, OH: Ohio State University.

Taggart, W.R. (1995). The NASA/UT/FAA Line/LOS checklist: Assessing system safety and crew performance. In Proceedings of the Eighth International Symposium on Aviation Psychology (pp. 688-693). Columbus, OH: Ohio State University.

Law, J.R., & Wilhelm, J.A. (1995). Ratings of CRM skill markers in domestic and international operations: A first look. In Proceedings of the Eighth International Symposium on Aviation Psychology (pp. 669-674). Columbus, OH: Ohio State University.

Merritt, A.C., & Helmreich, R.L. (1995). Culture in the cockpit: A multi-airline study of pilot attitudes and values. In Proceedings of the Eighth International Symposium on Aviation Psychology (pp. 676-681). Columbus, OH: Ohio State University.

Sherman, P.J., & Helmreich, R.L. (1995). Attitudes toward automation: The effect of national culture. In Proceedings of the Eighth International Symposium on Aviation Psychology (pp. 682-687). Columbus, OH: Ohio State University.

Law, J.R., & Sherman, P.J. (1995). Do raters agree? Assessing inter-rater agreement in the evaluation of air Crew Resource Management skills. In Proceedings of the Eighth International Symposium on Aviation Psychology (pp. 608-612). Columbus, OH: Ohio State University.

Merritt, A.C. (1995). Cross-cultural issues in CRM/LOFT training. In Proceedings of the International Air Transport Association Human Factors in Aviation Seminar, Addendum, Bahrain, March 7, 1995.

Helmreich, R. (1995). Contemporary issues in CRM training. In Proceedings of the International Air Transport Association Human Factors in Aviation Seminar, Bahrain, March 7, 1995.

Helmreich, R.L. (1995). Bias is in the eye of the beholder. Association of Aviation Psychologists Newsletter, 20(2), 4-7.

Helmreich, R. L. (1994). Caveat aviator. [Review of Pilots, personality, and performance: Human behavior and stress in the skies]. Contemporary Psychology, 39, 22.

Helmreich, R. L. (1994). Anatomy of a system accident: The crash of Avianca Flight 052. International Journal of Aviation Psychology, 4(3), 265-284.

Helmreich, R. (1994). Future directions in Crew Resource Management training. International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Journal, 48(7), 8-9.

Sherman, P. J., & Law, J. R. (1994). Are there performance differences for standard vs. automated aircraft? Within-airline comparisons of aircraft types. In Proceedings of the 14th Biennial Meeting of Applied Behavioral Sciences Symposium (pp. 110-115). Colorado Springs, CO: United States Air Force Academy.

Law, J. R., & Wilhelm, J. A. (1994). Captain’s and First Officers’ spheres of influence. The CRM Advocate, 94-1, 16-18.

Partridge, L., & Taggart, W. (1994). Exploring Crew Resource Management in long-haul operations: Initial design of survey instruments and plans for data collection. The CRM Advocate, 94-2, 1-2.

Merritt, A. C. (1994). Cross-cultural issues in CRM training. In Proceedings of the Sixth ICAO Flight Safety and Human Factors Regional Seminar and Workshop (pp. 236-243). Amsterdam, The Netherlands, May 17-19, 1994. Also in Airline Pilot, 64(5), 32-35.

Taggart, W. R. (1994). The view from Austin. The CRM Advocate, 94-3, 12.

Law, J.R., Helmreich, R.L., & Wilhelm, J.A. (1994). Key ingredients of high-quality LOFT: A recipe for effective pilot training. The CRM Advocate, 94-3, 2-9.

Taggart, W. R. (1994). Crew Resource Management: Achieving enhanced flight operations. In N. Johnston, N. McDonald, & R. Fuller (Eds.), Aviation Psychology in Practice (pp. 309-339). Hampshire, England: Ashgate Publishing Ltd.

Helmreich, R.L. (1994). Flightcrew perspectives on automation: A cross-cultural perspective. In Proceedings of the Sixth ICAO Flight Safety and Human Factors Regional Seminar and Workshop (pp. 367-378). Amsterdam, The Netherlands, May 17-19, 1994.

Helmreich, R.L. (1994). L’avenir de la formation en gestion du poste de pilotage. Journal OACI, 48(7), 8-9.

Helmreich, R. L. (and other members of the committee on Human Factors) (1994). Research needs in transportation: From highways to airways. In Human Factors Challenges. Washington, National Academy of Sciences. Author.

Helmreich, R.L., & Sherman, P.J. (1994). Flightcrew perspectives on automation: A cross-cultural perspective. In Proceedings of the Seventh ICAO Flight Safety and Human Factors Regional Seminar (pp. 442-463). Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, October 18-21, 1994.

Helmreich, R.L., & Foushee, H.C. (1993). Why Crew Resource Management? Empirical and theoretical bases of human factors training in aviation. In E. Wiener, B. Kanki, & R. Helmreich (Eds.), Cockpit Resource Management (pp. 3-45). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.

Butler, R. E. (1993). LOFT: Full mission simulation as Crew Resource Management training. In E. Weiner, B. Kanki, & R. Helmreich (Eds.), Cockpit Resource Management (pp. 231-259). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.

Helmreich, R.L., Wiener, E., & Kanki, B.G. (1993). The future of Crew Resource Management in the cockpit and elsewhere. In E. Wiener, B. Kanki, & R. Helmreich (Eds.), Cockpit Resource Management (pp. 479-501). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.

Helmreich, R. L. (1993). Fifteen years of the CRM wars: A report from the trenches. In Proceedings of the Australian Psychology Symposium (pp. 73-87). Sydney, Australia: The Australian Aviation Psychology Association.

Gregorich, S. E., & Wilhelm, J. A. (1993). Crew Resource Management training assessment. In E. Wiener, B. Kanki, & R. Helmreich (Eds.), Cockpit Resource Management (pp. 173-198). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.

Butler, R. E. (1993). LOFT Design Focus Group Report. The CRM Advocate, 93-1, 2-4.

Jones, S.G. (1993). New Group: ASSET - Dedicates itself to reducing ATC separation losses. The CRM Advocate, 93-1, 5-6.

Merritt, A. C. (1993). The influence of national and organization culture on human performance. The CRM Advocate, 93-1, 6-9.

Helmreich, R.L. (1993). Managing the human factors of trauma management: Applying training concepts from aviation to medicine. In Proceedings of the Myron B. Laver Symposium on Human Factors. Basel, Switzerland, October 7-8, 1993.

Taggart., W. R. (1993). How to kill off a good CRM program. The CRM Advocate, 93-1, 11-12.

Helmreich, R. L., Law, J. R., Taggart, W. R., Merritt, A., & Jones, S. G. (1993). New directions in Crew Resource Management: Research and practice. In Proceedings of the Seventh International Symposium on Aviation Psychology (pp. 543-572). Columbus, OH: Ohio State University.

160a. Helmreich, R. L. (1993). Whither CRM? Future directions in aviation human factors. In Proceedings of the Seventh International Symposium on Aviation Psychology (pp. 543-548). Columbus, OH: Ohio State University.

160b. Law, J.R. (1993). Position-specific behaviors and their impact on crew performance: Implications for training. In Proceedings of the Seventh International Symposium on Aviation Psychology (pp. 549-555). Columbus, OH: Ohio State University.

160c. Taggart, W.R. (1993). Captain upgrade CRM training: A new focus for enhanced flight operations. In Proceedings of the Seventh International Symposium on Aviation Psychology (pp. 556-560). Columbus, OH: Ohio State University.

160d. Merritt, A.C. (1993). Cross-cultural attitudes of flight crew regarding CRM. In Proceedings of the Seventh International Symposium on Aviation Psychology (pp. 561-566). Columbus, OH: Ohio State University.

160e. Jones, S.G. (1993). Human factors in incident reporting. In Proceedings of the Seventh International Symposium on Aviation Psychology (pp. 567-572). Columbus, OH: Ohio State University.

140. Helmreich R.L., & Wilhelm, J.A. (1992). NASA/University of Texas/FAA Aerospace Crew Research Project: Project Description and Report for 1991-1992. Paper presented at the American Psychology Association Convention. Washington, DC, December, 1992.

141. Helmreich, R.L. (1992). Human factors aspects of the Air Ontario crash at Dryden, Ontario: Analysis and recommendations. In V.P. Moshansky (Commissioner), Commission of Inquiry into the Air Ontario Accident at Dryden, Ontario: Final report. Technical appendices. (pp. 319-348). Toronto, Ontario: Minister of Supply and Services, Canada.

142. Law, J.R., & McFadden, T.J. (1992). Training and evaluating team process skills in the commercial aviation environment. In Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 36th Annual Meeting (pp. 1346-1350).