Ten Item Personality Measure (TIPI)

The TIPI is a 10-item measure of the Big Five (or Five-Factor Model) dimensions. Before you use this instrument, please read this note on alpha reliability and factor structure. Original reference:      Gosling, S. D., Rentfrow, P. J., & Swann, W. B., Jr. (2003). A Very Brief Measure of the Big Five Personality Domains. Journal of Research in Personality, 37, 504-528. Abstract When time is limited, researchers may be faced with the choice of using an extremely brief measure of the Big-Five personality dimensions or using no measure at all. To meet the need for a very brief measure, 5 and 10-item inventories were developed and evaluated. Although somewhat inferior to standard multi-item instruments, the instruments reached adequate levels in terms of (a) convergence with widely used Big-Five measures in self, observer, and peer reports, (b) test-retest reliability, (c) patterns of predicted external correlates, and (d) convergence between self and observer ratings. On the basis of these tests, a 10-item measure of the Big Five dimensions is offered for situations when very short measures are needed, personality is not the primary topic of interest, or researchers can tolerate the somewhat diminished psychometric properties associated with very brief measures.

More information: 1. TIPI manuscript (pdf format) 2. TIPI scale (html) 3. TIPI scale (pdf format) 4. TIPI norms (pdf format) Scoring the TIPI 1. Recode the reverse-scored items (i.e., recode a 7 with a 1, a 6 with a 2, a 5 with a 3, etc.). The reverse scored items are 2, 4, 6, 8, & 10. 2. Take the AVERAGE of the two items (the standard item and the recoded reverse-scored item) that make up each scale. Example using the Extraversion scale: A participant has scores of 5 on item 1 (Extraverted, enthusiastic) and and 2 on item 6 (Reserved, quiet). First, recode the reverse-scored item (i.e., item 6), replacing the 2 with a 6. Second, take the average of the score for item 1 and the (recoded) score for item 6. So the TIPI Extraversion scale score would be: (5 + 6)/2 = 5.5   Comparisons with other very brief Big Five scales In response to the need for very brief measures of the Big Five, a couple of other measures have been developed in addition to the TIPI. These include the Single-Item Measure of Personality (SIMP; Wood & Hampson, 2005) and another 10-item measure (Rammstedt & John, 2007). In my own (unpublished) analyses all three instruments perform about equally well in terms of convergence with the NEO-PI-R assessed several weeks later. Moreover, all three instruments take about the same length of time to complete (because the 5 items of the SIMP are longer and more complex than than the items in the 10-item tests). The one published analysis (Furnham, 2008) that compared several very brief measures suggested that the TIPI "achieves slightly better validity than the other measures."   Translations These translations have been provided by their developers for research use. I have included them here as a resource for researchers but their inclusion does not imply that I endorse them. They differ in the procedures used to develop them and the degree to which they have been validated. I did not develop them and have not used them in my own research so I cannot evaluate them.  For further details on the instruments, please contact their authors. As far as I know, you are free to use these translations but as a courtesy I encourage you to contact the contact persons listed below before doing so.   CHINESE (TRADITIONAL) A (Traditional) Chinese version of the TIPI is available  here (in pdf format). It was developed by Jean Tzou and Lise DeShea.   DUTCH A Dutch version of the TIPI is available  here (in word format). It was developed by Sander Koole.   An analysis of a revised five-item version of the Dutch TIPI, the TIPI-r (in which the two items on each scale were converted to a single item) is available here (in pdf format). For questions about this scale or about a Dutch translation of the 44-item BFI, email Jaap Denissen. FARSI (PERSIAN) A Farsi version of the TIPI is available here (in pdf format). It was developed by Madjid Mirzavaziri, Hamid Vazire, and Simine Vazire in collaboration with Mohsen Joshanloo. FRENCH A French version of the TIPI is available  here (in word format). It was developed by Erica Carlisle. A revised version of the Carlisle instrument is available here (in pdf format). It eliminates three additional (non-TIPI) items, lists the traits in both masculine and feminine form, and uses the original TIPI item order. The revision was made by Mike Friedman. GERMAN A German version of the TIPI is available here (in word format) or by emailing the authors Benedikt Hell and Peter M. Muck. The validation of this instrument is described in: Muck, P. M., Hell, B, & Gosling, S. D. (2007). Construct validation of a short Five-Factor Model instrument: A self-peer study on the German adaptation of the Ten-Item Personality Inventory (TIPI-G). European Journal of Personality Assessment. Please email  Benedikt Hell or Peter M. Muck for information on this paper. ITALIAN An Italian version of the TIPI is available  here (in word format). It was developed by Erica Carlisle. NORWEGIAN A Norwegian version of the TIPI is available here (in word format) or by emailing the author Cristina Aicher. SWEDISH A Swedish version of the TIPI is available  here (in word format). It was developed by Erica Carlisle. SPANISH (2) Two Spanish versions of the TIPI are available: One version  is available here (in word format). It was developed by Nairan Ramirez. Another version is available  here (in word format). It was developed by Erica Carlisle.   Bibliography As a resource for researchers, I plan to create a bibliography of all papers, presentations, and reports that have used the TIPI. If you have used the TIPI please let me know, providing the full citation, and, ideally, an electronic copy of the document (or a link to it).  Thanks! Achenbach, T. M., Krukowski, R. A., Dumenci, L., & Ivanova, M. Y. (2005). Assessment of adult psychopathology: Meta-analyses and implications of cross-informant correlations. Psychological Bulletin, 131(3), 361-382. Amir, O., & Ariely, D. (2007). Decisions by rules: The case of unwillingness to pay for beneficial delays. Journal of Marketing Research, 44, 142-152. Anand, P., & Santos, C. (2007). Violent crime, gender inequalities and well-being: Models based on a survey of individual capabilities and crime rates for England and Wales. Revue D'economie Politique, 117, 135-160. Ashton, M., Kushner, J., & Siegel, D. (2007). Personality traits of municipal politicians and staff. Canadian Public Administration, 50, 273-289. Barbaranelli, C., Caprara, G. V., Vecchione, M., & Fraley, C. M. (2007). Voters' personality traits in presidential elections. Personality and Individual Differences, 42, 1199-1208. Baumeister, R. F., Gailliot, M., DeWall, C. N., & Oaten, M. (2006). Self-regulation and personality: How interventions increase regulatory success, and how depletion moderates the effects of traits on behavior. Journal of Personality, 74(6), 1773-1801. Besser, A., & Shackelford, T. K. (2007). Mediation of the effects of the big five personality dimensions on negative mood and confirmed affective expectations by perceived situational stress: A quasi-field study of vacationers. Personality and Individual Differences, 42, 1333-1346. Block, C. A., Erickson, B., Carney-Doebbling, C., Gordon, S., Fallon, B., & Konety, B. R. (2007). Personality, treatment choice and satisfaction in patients with localized prostate cancer. International Journal of Urology, 14, 1013-1018. Brewer, N. T., & Hallman, W. K. (2006). Subjective and objective risk as predictors of influenza vaccination during the vaccine shortage of 2004-2005. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 43(11), 1379-1386. Caprara, G. V., Vecchione, M., Barbaranelli, C., & Fraley, R. C. (2007). When likeness goes with liking: The case of political preference. Political Psychology, 28, 609-632. Cervone, D., Shadel, W. G., Smith, R. E., & Fiori, M. (2006). Self-regulation: Reminders and suggestions from personality science. Applied Psychology-an International Review-Psychologie Appliquee-Revue Internationale, 55(3), 333-385. Chamorro-Premuzic, T, Bennett, E., & Furnham, A. (2007). The happy personality: Mediational role of trait intelligence. Personality and Individual Differences, 42, 1633-1639. Dandeneau, S. D., Baldwin, M. W., Baccus, J. R., Sakellaropoulo, M., & Pruessner, J. C. (2007). Cutting stress off at the pass: Reducing vigilance and responsiveness to social threat by manipulating attention. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 93, 651-666. Donnellan, M. B., Conger, R. D., & Burzette, B. G. (2005). Criterion-related validity, self-other agreement, and longitudinal analyses for the Iowa personality questionnaire: A short alternative to the MPQ. Journal of Research in Personality, 39(4), 458-485. Donnellan, M. B., Oswald, F. L., Baird, B. M., & Lucas, R. E. (2006). The Mini-IPIP scales: Tiny-yet-effective measures of the big five factors of personality. Psychological Assessment, 18(2), 192-203. Flynn, F. J., Reagans, R. E., Amanatullah, E. T., & Ames, D. R. (2006). Helping one's way to the top: Self-monitors achieve status by helping others and knowing who helps whom. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91(6), 1123-1137. Furnham, A. (2008). Relationship among four Big Five measures of different length. Psychological Reports, 102, 312-316. Furnham, A., Rawles, R., & Iqbal, S. (2006). Personality, intelligence and proof-reading. Personality and Individual Differences, 41(8), 1457-1467. Furr, R. M., Dougherty, D. M., Marsh, D. M., & Mathias, C. W. (2007). Personality judgment and personality pathology: Self-other agreement in adolescents with conduct disorder. Journal of Personality, 75, 629-662. Garcia, L. F., Aluja, A., Garcia, O., & Colom, R. (2007). Do parents and children know each other? A study about agreement on personality within families. Psicothema, 19(1), 120-123. Gill, A. J., Oberlander, J., & Austin, E. (2006). Rating e-mail personality at zero acquaintance. Personality and Individual Differences, 40(3), 497-507. Guimond, S., Branscombe, N. R., Brunot, S., Buunk, A. P., Chatard, A., Desert, M., Garcia, D. M., Hague, S., Martinot, D., & Yzerbyt, V. (2007). Culture, gender, and the self: Variations and impact of social comparison processes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92, 1118-1134. Heller, D., Komar, J., & Lee, W. B. (2007). The dynamics of personality states, goals, and well-being. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 33, 898-910. Herzberg, P. Y., & Brahler, E. (2006). Assessing the Big-Five personality domains via short forms - A cautionary note and a proposal. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 22(3), 139-148. Hnilica, K. (2005a). Influences of materialistic value orientation on life satisfaction. Ceskoslovenska Psychologie, 49(5), 385-398. Hnilica, K. (2005b). Influences of political orientation, social comparison and personality on satisfaction with life. Ceskoslovenska Psychologie, 49(2), 97-116. Hodson, G., & Costello, K. (2007). Interpersonal disgust, ideological orientations, and dehumanization as predictors of intergroup attitudes. Psychological Science, 18, 691-698. Jacob, J. H., Lehrl, S., & Henkel, A. W. (2007). Early recognition of high quality researchers of the German psychiatry by worldwide accessible bibliometric indicators. Scientometrics, 73, 117-130. Jensen-Campbell, L. A., & Malcolm, K. T. (2007). The importance of conscientiousness in adolescent interpersonal relationships. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 33, 368-383. Jost, J. T. (2006). The end of the end of ideology. American Psychologist, 61(7), 651-670. Judge, T. A., & Erez, A. (2007). Interaction and intersection: The constellation of emotional stability and extraversion in predicting performance. Personnel Psychology, 60, 573-596. Judge, T. A., & Hurst, C. (2007). Capitalizing on one's advantages: Role of core self-evaluations. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92, 1212-1227. Kashdan, T. B., & Steger, M. F. (2007). Curiosity and pathways to well-being and meaning in life: Traits, states, and everyday behaviors. Motivation and Emotion, 31, 159-173. Kocalevent, R. D., Levenstein, S., Fliege, H., Schmid, G., Hinz, A., Brahler, E., & Klapp, B. F. (2007). Contribution to the construct validity of the Perceived Stress Questionnaire from a population-based survey. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 63, 71-81. Laukka, P. & Juslin, P. N. (2007). Similar patterns of age-related differences in emotion recognition from speech and music. Motivation and Emotion, 31, 182-191. Lin, M. H., Kwan, V. S. Y., Cheung, A., & Fiske, S. T. (2005). Stereotype content model explains prejudice for an envied outgroup: Scale of anti-Asian American stereotypes. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 31(1), 34-47. Lindgren, T., Carlsson, A. M., & Lundback, E. (2007). No agreement between the Rorschach and self-assessed personality traits derived from the comprehensive system. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 48, 399-408. Luthans, F., Avolio, B. J., Avey, J. B., & Norman, S. M. (2007). Positive psychological capital: Measurement and relationship with performance and satisfaction. Personnel Psychology, 60, 541-572. Marcus, B., Machilek, F., & Schutz, A. (2006). Personality in cyberspace: Personal Web sites as media for personality expressions and impressions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 90(6), 1014-1031. Marcus, B., & Schutz, A. (2005). Who are the people reluctant to participate in research? Personality correlates of four different types of nonresponse as inferred from self- and observer ratings. Journal of Personality, 73(4), 959-984. McElroy, T., & Dowd, K. (2007). Susceptibility to anchoring effects: How openness-to-experience influences responses to anchoring cues. Judgment and Decision Making, 2, 48-53. Miquelon, P., & Vallerand, R. J. (2006). Goal motives, well-being, and physical health: Happiness and self-realization as psychological resources under challenge. Motivation and Emotion, 30(4), 259-272. Mooradian, T., Renzl, B., & Matzler, K. (2006). Who trusts? Personality, trust and knowledge sharing. Management Learning, 37(4), 523-540. Motowidlo, S. J., Hooper, A. C., & Jackson, H. L. (2006). Implicit policies about relations between personality traits and behavioral effectiveness in situational judgment items. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(4), 749-761. Muck, P. M., Hell, B., & Gosling, S. D. (2007). The construct validation of a short five-factor model instrument: A self-peer study on the German adaptation of the Ten-Item Personality Inventory (TIPI-G). European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 23, 166-175. Mullins-Sweatt, S. N., Jamerson, J. E., Samuel, D. B., Olson, D. R., & Widiger, T. A. (2006). Psychometric properties of an abbreviated instrument of the five-factor model. Assessment, 13(2), 119-137. Noftle, E. E., & Shaver, P. R. (2006). Attachment dimensions and the big five personality traits: Associations and comparative ability to predict relationship quality. Journal of Research in Personality, 40(2), 179-208. Ramirez-Esparza, N., Gosling, S. D., Benet-Martinez, V., Potter, J. P., & Pennebaker, J. W. (2006). Do bilinguals have two personalities? A special case of cultural frame switching. Journal of Research in Personality, 40(2), 99-120. Rammstedt, B. (2007). The 10-item Big Five Inventory: Norm values and investigation of sociodemographic effects based on a German population representative sample. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 23, 193-201. Rammstedt, B., & John, O. P. (2007). Measuring personality in one minute or less: A 10-item short version of the Big Five Inventory in English and German. Journal of Research in Personality, 41, 203-212. Robins, R. W., Noftle, E. E., Trzesniewski, K. H., & Roberts, B. W. (2005). Do people know how their personality has changed? Correlates of perceived and actual personality change in young adulthood. Journal of Personality, 73(2), 489-521. Schoen, H. (2007). Personality traits and foreign policy attitudes in German public opinion. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 51, 408-430. Schulze, R., & Roberts, R. D. (2006). Assessing the Big Five - Development and validation of the Openness Conscientiousness Extraversion Agreeableness Neuroticism Index Condensed (OCEANIC). Zeitschrift Fur Psychologie, 214(3), 133-149. Sellers, J. G., Mehl, M. R., & Josephs, R. A. (2007). Hormones and personality: Testosterone as a marker of individual differences. Journal of Research in Personality, 41, 126-138. Sholl, M. J., Kenny, R. J., & DellaPorta, K. A. (2006). Allocentric-heading recall and its relation to self-reported sense-of-direction. Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition, 32(3), 516-533. Smits, D. J. M., & Boeck, P. D. (2006). From BIS/BAS to the Big Five. European Journal of Personality, 20(4), 255-270. Smits, N., & Vorst, H. C. M. (2007). Reducing the length of questionnaires through structurally incomplete designs: An illustration. Learning and Individual Differences, 17, 25-34. Sutin, A. R., & Robins, R. W. (2005). Continuity and correlates of emotions and motives in self-defining memories. Journal of Personality, 73(3), 793-824. Thorisdottir, H., Jost, J. T., Liviatan, I., & Shrout, P. E. (2007). Psychological needs and values underlying left-right political orientation: Cross-national evidence from Eastern and Western Europe. Public Opinion Quarterly, 71, 175-203. Todorov, A., Mandisodza, A. N., Goren, A., & Hall, C. C. (2005). Inferences of competence from faces predict election outcomes. Science, 308(5728), 1623-1626. Vazire, S., & Gosling, S. D. (2004). e-Perceptions: Personality impressions based on personal websites. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 87(1), 123-132. Verhoeven, W., Egger, J., & Tuinier, S. (2007). Thoughts on the behavioral phenotypes in Prader-Willi syndrome and velo-cadio-facial syndrom: A novel approach. Acta Neuropsychiatrica, 19, 244-250. von Hippel, W., & Dunlop, S. M. (2005). Aging, inhibition, and social inappropriateness. Psychology and Aging, 20(3), 519-523. von Hippel, W., & Gonsalkorale, K. (2005). "That is bloody revolting"! Inhibitory control of thoughts better left unsaid. Psychological Science, 16(7), 497-500. Westmaas, J., Moeller, S., & Woicik, P. B. (2007). Validation of a measure of college students' intoxicated behaviors: Associations with alcohol outcome expectancies, drinking motives, and personality. Journal of American College Health, 55, 227-237. Widiger, T. A., & Lowe, J. R. (2007). Five-factor model assessment of personality disorder. Journal of Personality Assessment, 89, 16-29. Woods, S. A., & Hampson, S. E. (2005). Measuring the Big Five with single items using a bipolar response scale. European Journal of Personality, 19(5), 373-390.

 

 

Short Test Of Music Preferences (STOMP)

The STOMP is a 14-item scale assessing preferences in music genres.  It assesses four broad music-preference dimensions. The STOMPR is a revised version of the scale assessing preferences for 23 genres. Original reference:       Rentfrow, P. J., & Gosling, S. D. (2003). The do re mi’s of everyday life: The structure and personality correlates of music preferences. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 1236-1256. Abstract The present research examines individual differences in music preferences. A series of six studies investigated lay beliefs about music, the structure underlying music preferences, and the links between music preferences and personality. The data indicated that people consider music to be an important aspect of their lives and listening to music as an activity they engaged in frequently. Using multiple samples, methods, and geographic regions, analyses of the music preferences of over 3,500 individuals converged to reveal four music-preference dimensions: Reflective and Complex, Intense and Rebellious, Upbeat and Conventional, and Energetic and Rhythmic. Preference for these music dimensions were related to a wide array of personality dimensions (e.g., Openness), self-views (e.g., political orientation), and cognitive abilities (e.g., verbal ability).

More information: 1. STOMP manuscript (pdf format) 2. STOMP scale (html) **  3. STOMP scale (pdf format) 4. STOMP norms (pdf format)  Rentfrow P. J. & Gosling S. D. (2003). Norms for the Short Test of Music Preferences. Unpublished data, University of Texas at Austin **We're continuing to develop the STOMP by adding new music genres.  If you are considering using it, please contact us for an updated version.**  The latest version, the STOMPR, is available here.