WARNING: The correct answers are NOT at the end of
this exam. You will have to figure out
the answers yourself.
1. Overall, research on the genetic vs. environmental influences on intelligence suggests that:
A. Genetic differences among different races are the primary cause of racial differences in IQ scores.
B. Intelligence is influenced by genetic factors but not by environmental factors.
C. Intelligence is influenced by environmental factors but not by genetic factors.
D. Both environmental and genetic factors play an important role in intelligence.
2. A 10-year old child with a mental age of 15 would have an IQ of ______.
A. 50
B. 100
C. 120
D. 150
3. According to research on Type A personalities, which of the following personality traits is a risk factor for heart disease?
A. Being too relaxed.
B. Being too accommodative of others.
C. Being too hostile towards others.
D. Being too generous.
4. In Dutton and Aaron’s experiment in which male subjects met a female experimenter either on a sturdy bridge or a rickety bridge, what did they find?
A. Subjects on the rickety bridge but not the sturdy bridge attributed their arousal to physical attraction to the experimenter.
B. Subjects on the sturdy bridge but not the rickety bridge attributed their arousal to physical attraction to the experimenter.
C. Subjects on the rickety bridge were more afraid of snakes.
D. Subjects on the sturdy bridge were more afraid of snakes.
5. According to lecture, Susan Mineka’s experiment in which she exposed wild and lab-reared monkeys to snakes showed that:
A. All monkeys are naturally afraid of snakes.
B. Wild monkeys cannot learn to fear snakes, but lab-reared monkeys can.
C. Wild monkeys naturally fear snakes, and lab-reared monkeys can learn to fear snakes if they see that wild monkeys do.
D. Lab-reared monkeys will always mimic what they see wild monkeys do.
6. Julie’s dog is constantly creating a mess in her house. This makes her angry, so she decides to avoid going home in order to avoid dealing with the dog. According to the book, this is an example of:
A. Hardiness.
B. Cognitive framing.
C. Problem-focused coping.
D. Emotion-focused coping.
7. According to the book, which of the following supports the theory that there is a sensitive period for learning language?
A. It is difficult to learn a second language as an adult.
B. People who were not exposed to language as children never develop full language skills.
C. Sign languages have the same kinds of grammatical rules as spoken languages.
D. Both A and B
8. According to the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion, what is the relationship between one’s physiological response and one’s emotional feeling?
A. The emotional feeling triggers the physiological response.
B. The emotional feeling and the physiological response are independent and occur simultaneously.
C. The physiological response triggers the emotional feeling.
D. The physiological response is not part of the emotion at all.
9. According to lecture, the difference between being terrified and being afraid is that those emotions differ most on the dimension of:
A. Pleasantness
B. Intensity
C. Duration
D. Plasticity
10. According to lecture, Steele’s experiment on stereotype threat demonstrated that:
A. Intelligence tests should be administered using nonverbal procedures.
B. Economic, social, and educational conditions influence IQ scores.
C. People who stereotype others are less intelligent than people who don’t use stereotypes.
D. People’s fear of confirming negative stereotypes about their group may lead them to perform worse on intelligence tests.
11. According to the book, in what way are emotions adaptive?
A. Emotions prepare and guide motivated behavior.
B. Emotions lead to facial expressions which help us predict people’s reactions.
C. More emotional people have been shown to live longer.
D. Both A and B.
12. According to the book, the smallest unit of speech that has meaning is called a ____.
A. vowel
B. syntax
C. morpheme
D. word
13. According to lecture, Noam Chomsky argues that language cannot be entirely learned (i.e., we must have a “language acquisition device”) because:
A. Deaf children acquire full-blown language, even if they are not exposed to anyone who can sign.
B. The rate at which children acquire words and grammar is too fast to be explained by learning principles alone.
C. Other animals have also been shown to have the capacity for complex grammar.
D. Both B and C.
14. According to the book, all of the following gender differences have been found EXCEPT:
A. Women and men use different facial expressions to express the same emotions.
B. Women experience more intense emotions than men.
C. Women express their emotions more frequently than men.
D. In Western cultures, women tend to be better at articulating their emotions than men.
15. According to lecture, all of the following are important ideas that Francis Galton contributed to the field of intelligence EXCEPT:
A. There are 7 different kinds of intelligences.
B. Intelligence differences among people form a bell-shaped curve.
C. Intelligence can be measured by objective tests.
D. People’s score on different intelligence tests are correlated.
16. According to the book, all of the following are ways in which emotions strengthen interpersonal relations EXCEPT:
A. Jealousy can spark passion and commitment.
B. Fear can spark trust and devotion.
C. Guilt can keep people from doing things that would hurt those they care about.
D. Embarrassment rectifies interpersonal awkwardness.
17. According to the James-Lange theory of emotions, what is the sequence of events when someone feels an emotion?
A. Perceive the stimulus, feel the emotion, body responds physiologically
B. Perceive the stimulus, the emotional feeling and physiological response occur simultaneously
C. Perceive the stimulus, body responds physiologically, feel the emotion
D. The order varies depending on the person and the emotion being experienced.
18. According to lecture, how did male and female students’ writing differ in the class exercise you did (writing to your parents and friends)?
A. Women used more emotion words than men.
B. Women used more pronouns than men.
C. Women wrote more about sex than men.
D. All of the above.
19. According to lecture, all of the following are components of emotion EXCEPT:
A. Intentional
B. Physiological
C. Characteristic expression
D. Characteristic antecedents and consequences
20. According to the book, the two dimensions that characterize emotions in the circumplex model of emotions are:
A. Activation (vs. Deactivation) & Pleasant (vs. Unpleasant)
B. Activation (vs. Deactivation) & Long-lasting (vs. Temporary)
C. Physiological (vs. Psychological) & Pleasant (vs. Unpleasant)
D. Physiological (vs. Psychological) & Long-lasting (vs. Temporary)
21. According to the book, which of the following is an assumption of most definitions of intelligence?
A. Humans have a range of abilities.
B. Intelligence has to do with how quick someone’s reflexes are.
C. Intelligence can be divided into cognitive, behavioral, and affective components.
D. Intelligence is not influenced by genes.
22. According to lecture, Herrstein and Murray’s argument that blacks score lower on IQ tests because they are genetically inferior was flawed because:
A. Blacks do not actually score lower than whites on IQ tests.
B. IQ is unrelated to genes.
C. Their conclusions were based on differences within whites, not differences between blacks and whites.
D. Blacks and whites do not differ genetically.
23. According to the book, which of the following is a way in which people can control and regulate their emotions before they happen?
A. Rumination
B. Thought suppression
C. Attentional deployment
D. Response modulation
24. According to lecture, disgust is:
A. Characterized by a facial expression with a wrinkled nose and gaping expression
B. Helpful in selecting and rejecting appropriate foods, thereby preventing food poisoning
C. Used in psychology as a model for the acquisition of values.
D. All of the above
25. According to lecture, Pennebaker’s research on the benefits of writing about one’s problems showed that people who write about their problems are more likely to recover:
A. If they are also in therapy.
B. Only if other people read what they write.
C. If they use a lot of positive emotion words.
D. If they write about food a lot.
26. Sally wins an Olympic silver-medal in diving. As she is standing on the podium, she thinks about how close she came to winning the gold, and imagines how much better that would have felt. According to the book, what is Sally doing?
A. Suppressing unwanted thoughts.
B. Engaging in counterfactual thinking.
C. Using humor to regulate negative emotions.
D. Misattributing her arousal.
27. According to the book, _______ intelligence is best measured using items that either no one or everyone has experience before.
A. Fluid
B. Crystallized
C. Kinesthetic
D. Spatial
28. According to the book, greater activation of the right hemisphere is associated with ______, while greater activation of the left hemisphere is associated with _____.
A. negative affect; positive affect
B. positive affect; negative affect
C. emotional expression; emotional experience
D. emotional experience; emotional expression
29. According to lecture, Paul Ekman’s experiments in which he manipulated people’s facial expressions with step-by-step instructions showed that:
A. People’s facial expressions did not affect their mood.
B. People’s facial expressions affect their mood but not their bodily response.
C. People’s facial expressions affect their bodily response but not their mood.
D. People’s facial expressions affect both their mood and their bodily response.
30. Around ages 3 to 5, children begin making mistakes with language that they did not make before, such as saying “runned” and “holded” instead of “ran” and “held.” According to the book, this is because:
A. They have passed the sensitive learning stage for language.
B. They are trying to sound more adult.
C. They are overapplying grammar rules they have just learned.
D. They are just repeating what they have heard others say.
31. According to the book, which of the following is an example of a secondary emotion?
A. Anger
B. Sadness
C. Anticipation
D. Happiness
32. Which of the following findings MOST STRONGLY supports the theory that disgust must be learned?
A. All people shy away from objects that could contaminate food, such as cockroaches.
B. Many people have an emotional reaction when viewing acts of violence.
C. Children under the age of four are not bothered by stimuli considered by adults to be disgusting, such as the odor of sweat or feces.
D. Even non-human animals show disgust reactions.
33. According to the book, joint attentional engagement is a strategy in which:
A. A caregive makes references to objects that the child is using or attending to.
B. Parents speak in a sing-song manner to babies.
C. Researchers attempt to teach sign language to chimpanzees.
D. Two people try to communicate without speech.
34. According to the book, which of the following lends support to the view that intelligence is composed of different, independent capabilities?
A. People who have a high IQ also tend to be skilled in art and social skills.
B. Intelligence remains relatively stable over the life span.
C. People can be very skilled in some domains and very unskilled in others.
D. Intelligence is partly genetic.
35. According to the book, what happens during General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)?
A. After the alarm stage, the body’s resistance is decreased until exhaustion.
B. After the alarm stage, the body’s resistance is increased until exhaustion.
C. People react strongly at first to disgust elicitors, then adapt and react less strongly.
D. People don’t notice disgust elicitors at first, but become more sensitive after repeated exposures.
36. According to lecture, which of the following was true about the essays you wrote to your friends and your parents?
A. People used more social words (e.g., “we”) to friends.
B. People use more achievement-oriented words to friends.
C. People use more emotion words in the first essay they wrote, regardless of whether it was to friends or to parents.
D. There were no differences in how people wrote to their friends and parents.
37. Which of the following is a benefit of the classic view of intelligence (i.e., Binet’s view)?
A. Classic intelligence tests are a practical measure of intelligence (easy to administer).
B. Classic intelligence tests predict achievement in school.
C. Classic intelligence tests are very context-dependent (can be influenced by things like culture).
D. Both A and B
39. According to lecture, all of the following are indicators that someone is lying EXCEPT:
A. Telling simple rather than complex stories.
B. Using more cognitive words.
C. Using the word “I” less than usual.
D. Using more negative emotion words.
40. According to the book, research on cross-cultural expressions of emotions shows that:
A. People across different cultures ascribe the same emotional meaning to facial expressions, but only because they have been exposed to each other’s cultures.
B. People across different cultures ascribe the same emotional meaning to facial expressions, even when they have had almost no contact with other cultures.
C. People across different cultures do not ascribe the same emotional meaning to facial expressions.
D. People across different cultures do not experience any of the same emotions.
41. According to the book, studies of genetically identical mice reared in different environments showed that:
A. The environment had no impact on the mice’s cognitive abilities.
B. Mice reared in a more enriched environment developed better cognitive abilities.
C. Mice reared alone developed better cognitive abilities than mice reared in groups.
D. Genetics are unrelated to intelligence in mice.
42. According to lecture, Freud believed that common errors in speech (parapaxes, or slips of the tongue) reflect:
A. A lack of intelligence.
B. Deeper motives or fears.
C. Residue from childhood experiences.
D. Bad parenting.
43. According to the book, people who cannot develop a conditioned response to fear (e.g., don’t react with fear to a stimulus that is associated with an electric shock) probably have damage to what part of the brain?
A. The Thalamus
B. The Orbitofrontral Cortex
C. The Hippocampus
D. The Amygdala
44. According to lecture, “sympathetic magic” refers to:
A. The phenomenon that sympathy from friends and family can shorten the duration of negative emotions.
B. The idea that our sense of disgust can override our rationality.
C. The belief that when two objects come into contact, they acquire like properties.
D. All of the above.
45. According to the video shown in lecture, all of the following are one of the 7 forms of specialized intelligence EXCEPT:
A. Mathematical/logical
B. Leisure
C. Interpersonal
D. Linguistic