Introductory Psychology (PSY 301, 3:30pm-5pm) – Test 4

Tuesday, December 2, 2008

1.		Neville told his therapist, “I came to see what you could do for me.” What would be the therapist's response if he is using the active listening technique?
		A)		“Talk about your relationship with your mother.”
		B)		“It sounds like you're feeling you need some help. Am I right?”
		C)		“What makes you think I could do anything for you?”
		D)		“I can prescribe a drug that might help you.”
		E)		“Tell me about the dreams you've been having recently.”
2.		When a salesperson visits your home and asks you to try a free sample of a cleaning fluid, you agree. When he returns the following week and asks you to purchase an assortment of expensive cleaning products, you make the purchase. The salesperson appears to have made effective use of:
		A)		prejudice - the salesman took advantage of your negative attitude toward his products to get you to purchase them.
		B)		the fundamental attribution error - you overestimated the quality of the cleaning product.
		C)		normative social influence - you wanted the salesman's approval so you purchased the cleaning products.
		D)		the foot-in-the-door phenomenon - because you accepted the smaller request you then accepted the larger request.
		E)		deindividuation - you felt anonymous and less restrained in the presence of the salesman so you made an uninhibited purchase.
3.		Alfredo and Alicia both experience very intense physiological arousal. However, Alfredo experiences these responses at random times without obvious warning, while Alicia experiences these reactions only when she sees anything that resembles a snake. Alfredo is most likely experiencing ___________, while Alicia is most likely experiencing _____________
		A)		ocd; phobia
		B)		ocd; panic
		C)		panic; phobia
		D)		phobia; a normal response
		E)		a normal response; ocd
4.		Based on research on aggression and parent-training programs, which of the following would be the best advice to give parents who are concerned about the frequent aggressive outbursts of their 6-year-old son?
		A)		“Encourage your son to watch the devastating consequences of violence portrayed on TV.”
		B)		“Don't be concerned about your child's aggressiveness, unless the behavior pattern continues beyond the fifth grade.”
		C)		“Let him be aggressive and beat up other kids. You don't want him to be a weakling, do you?”
		D)		“Reward and praise your son whenever he is socially cooperative and altruistic.”
		E)		“Be consistent in spanking your child after every outburst so he'll realize that aggression never pays.”
5.		According to lecture, which of the following is true about people with unipolar and bipolar depression?
		A)		There is a stronger genetic contribution among people with bipolar depression, compared to unipolar depression.
		B)		People with bipolar depression have an increase in appetite, while people with unipolar depression have a decrease in appetite.
		C)		People with bipolar depression have a decrease in sleep, while people with unipolar depression have an increase in sleep.
		D)		People with bipolar depression have an increase in sleep, while people with unipolar depression have a decrease in sleep.
		E)		Genetic contribution affects people with bipolar depression and unipolar depression equally.
6.		Dante is petrified of dogs. He is late to school every day because he walks 10 blocks, avoiding all houses that have dogs. According to lecture, which treatment would be most effective and durable for Dante’s symptoms?
		A)		cognitive-behavioral therapy
		B)		humanistic therapy
		C)		psychoanalytic therapy
		D)		anti-anxiety medication
		E)		electroconvulsive therapy
7.		Fred, an extraverted university freshman, has just moved into a dormitory. Fred is most likely to become friends with:
		A)		Amos, his assigned roommate who is majoring in computer science.
		B)		Dexter, a lonely sophomore who lives down the hall and is undecided about his major.
		C)		Quigley, a junior who is majoring in psychology and lives in a dormitory down the street.
		D)		Padma, his psychology TA who lives in an apartment off-campus.
		E)		Gilderoy, an introverted student who lives on the next floor and enjoys playing chess.
8.		According to lecture, if your friend is extremely stressed and has decided to seek psychological help. What would be the best recommendation? Why?
		A)		cognitive-behavioral therapy, because it is the most supported through research.
		B)		humanistic therapy, because they offer the best bargain.
		C)		psychoanalytic therapy, because all stress is due to some unconscious, unresolved past experience.
		D)		mood altering medication, because its fast acting at relieving stress.
		E)		any form of psychotherapy as long as they trust and like the therapist, because views of therapist is predictive of therapy outcome.
9.		Jane is seeing a therapist because she is having emotional problems in her romantic relationship. Jane states, “I been in this relationship for 6 months and I think I’ve had it! I want to break up, but I don’t want to hurt his feelings.” The therapist replies, “It sounds like you’re frustrated from being in this relationship and although you want to break up you are concerned with your partner’s feelings.” Jane states, “Ya…doc, what should I do?” The therapist responses, “Well…what do you think you should do?” What type of therapist is Jane seeing?
		A)		cognitive-behavioral
		B)		humanistic
		C)		psychoanalytic
		D)		psychiatric
		E)		Jungian
10.		Matchmate and eFinder are two online dating companies. Matchmate matches individuals based on scores obtained from questions that relate to the Big Five. Individuals with similar scores are deemed as compatible. eFinder has individuals describe themselves and uses that information to calculate the frequency of pronouns, prepositions, and articles the individual used. People with similar frequencies are deemed compatible. Which of the following statements is true?
		A)		Matchmate in employing the Language Style Matching Hypothesis
		B)		eFinder is employing the Language Style Matching Hypothesis
		C)		Matchmate is employing the Cognitive Dissonance Hypothesis
		D)		eFinder in employing the Cognitive Dissonance Hypothesis
		E)		Matchmate in employing the Language Style Matching Hypothesis
11.		Salazar, a 21-year-old university junior, is physically unattractive. Compared to good-looking students, Salazar is most likely to:
		A)		have difficulty making a favorable impression on potential employers.
		B)		have high self-esteem.
		C)		be well liked by other male college students.
		D)		be physically coordinated and athletic.
		E)		have lower intelligence and earn lower grades in his college courses.
12.		Malfoy is a college sophomore who feels so incompetent that he believes his life is worthless and hopeless. Malfoy would profit the most from:
		A)		Moniz's lobotomy - removing the part of the brain responsible for his negative thoughts will help him think more positively.
		B)		Freud's resistance because it will teach him to resist negative thoughts.
		C)		Wolpe's systematic desensitization - he would be conditioned to feel more comfortable about his incompetency.
		D)		Beck's cognitive therapy because it will teach him more adaptive ways of thinking about himself and his life.
		E)		Shapiro's EMDR because electrical stimulation of the brain will calm his nerves.
13.		According to the social gravity metaphor, which lecturer has the greatest attractive force?
		A)		Tony, who stands in the middle of the room
		B)		Frank, who constantly moves around the room
		C)		Sosa, whose students are always on time
		D)		Manny, who’s students are positioned closer to him
		E)		Angel, who the students consider fashionable
14.		Who is MOST likely to help an elderly woman lying, hurt on the floor?
		A)		Eric, who is passing by with two other friends
		B)		Kenny, who notices that the elderly woman is in need for help
		C)		Kyle, who is running late to class
		D)		Stan, who the elderly woman specifically requested for help
		E)		Timmy, who works for Domino’s Pizza
15.		Which of the following is NOT true about ECT and major depression?
		A)		ECT is used as a last resort for the treatment of major depression
		B)		ECT is not used for the treatment of mild depressive symptoms
		C)		ECT is effective because it serves as a punishment for being depressed
		D)		ECT is effective because the shock serves as a massive assault on the brain and body which places people in a different psychological state
		E)		ECT is effective because the shock influences neurotransmitters associated with depression
16.		Santini, a pilot, was recently in a crash. Although he himself suffered no physical injuries, his plane was severely damaged and two crew members were killed. Which of the following would lead you to believe William is suffering from a dissociative disorder?
		A)		He is hyperactive, impulsive, and unable to focus on tasks like reading a book.
		B)		He is unable to remember anything of the crash, and his friends say they've seen major changes in his personality.
		C)		He complains of having recurring haunting memories and nightmares about the crash.
		D)		He says he is having repetitive thoughts of something terrible happening and has to repeatedly check his car brakes.
		E)		He has an intense fear of flying that he links with the belief that he was responsible for killing his crew members.
17.		Rita Skeeter, a 45-year-old journalist, alternates between extreme sadness and tiredness and extreme excitement and overactivity. Which drug would you prescribe for her to give her the most beneficial results?
		A)		Clozaril to reduce her auditory hallucinations
		B)		alcohol to help her relax
		C)		Xanax to relieve her tension
		D)		lithium to stabilize her mood
		E)		Thorazine to keep her from being hyperactive
18.		What is the likely correlation between the teachers’ scores of sadism (as measured by a Sadism Personality Inventory) with the level of shocks they would give to learners in the Milgram study of obedience?
		A)		-.6
		B)		-.3
		C)		0
		D)		.3
		E)		.6
19.		Hermione is suffering from chronic depression. What would be a social-cognitive explanation for Hermione's depression?
		A)		She is fixated at the phallic stage.
		B)		She is depressed because she blames herself for everything that goes wrong in her life, even if those things are out of her control.
		C)		Both her mother and her sister have also suffered from depression, so it likely runs in the family.
		D)		Her frontal lobes are significantly less active and preventing her from experiencing positive emotions.
		E)		She has unusually low levels of serotonin which makes her depressed and also disrupts her social cognitions.
20.		Julius is attempting to replicate Asch’s conformity study. He plans to gather 4 friends (confederates) and have them walk into an elevator with 2 people (subjects) and face the back of the elevator. Will Julius replicate Asch’s findings? Why or why not?
		A)		Probably, because the confederates outnumber the subjects
		B)		Probably, because the majority includes at least 4 confederates
		C)		Probably not, because the majority needs to include more confederates
		D)		Probably not, because the minority is greater than one
		E)		Probably not, because Asch’s study does not generalize to public social situations
21.		Bubbles is depressed and has had no luck with traditional therapy. He decides to look into triphening—drilling a hole into his skull. If Bubbles DOES drill a hole in his head, what is most likely to happen?
		A)		There will be no effect (except maybe a headache)—triphening has not been shown to affect mood.
		B)		The shock to his system may cause him to feel better for a little while, as his neurotransmitter functioning is temporarily changed.
		C)		Triphening will induce a total memory loss, lasting typically one week, which will allow Bubbles to feel less depressed as he cannot recall his problems
		D)		Triphening only affects the physical symptoms of depression, so the psychological difficulties will likely be unchanged.
		E)		He will reach a state of perpetual bliss.
22.		Social loafing is most likely to occur among:
		A)		UT football players who are playing in a rematch against Texas Tech.
		B)		students who are each assigned a different topic for their course term papers.
		C)		students who are given a group assignment for which everyone gets the same grade regardless of their contribution.
		D)		a group of runners competing for first place in a race.
		E)		factory workers paid on the basis of individual level of productivity.
23.		During the manic phase of bipolar disorder, individuals are most likely to
		A)		experience uncontrollable grief and despair.
		B)		have high self-esteem.
		C)		show good judgment.
		D)		experience delusions of persecution.
		E)		have visual or auditory hallucinations.
24.		You are an expert on social physics and observe people waiting in line to buy tickets to the newest Star Trek movie. What observation would surprise you the most, as it violates a law of social physics?
		A)		The people stand tightly near each other at the start of the line, nearest the ticketbooth, and then are more spread out at the end—the ticketbook is a positive attractor.
		B)		The people stand tightly at the end of the line, and are more spread out as they get closer to the ticketbooth, as the people that arrived earliest likely have a higher social status and require more personal space.
		C)		The line seems to consist of people that look alike having conversations about similar interests with each other—they seem to shy away from people different than themselves.
		D)		Many people are clustered behind a lifesize cardboard cutout of Captain Kirk—they seem to be hiding behind him.
		E)		The people waiting at the end of the line, who just discovered the tickets will sell out before they get a chance to buy one, tend to shift their weight back and forth more often than people at the front of the line.
25.		Dr. Crusher asked her test subjects to tell another student (a prospective subject) that the painful pinches they just received were actually not that painful at all. Some subjects were paid $2 while others were paid $25 for doing so. Subjects who were paid ________ had more cognitive dissonance and later reported that the pinches were ________.
		A)		$25; less painful
		B)		$25; more painful
		C)		$2; less painful
		D)		$2; more painful
		E)		In increases in their psychology class final exam grade; fantastic
26.		The risk of suicide is greatest when people:
		A)		experience the first symptoms of a depressive episode.
		B)		begin to rebound from their depression.
		C)		start to hear voices telling them to kill themselves.
		D)		have never been depressed.
		E)		experience depressive symptoms at their most extreme levels of severity.
27.		A boy walks by an elderly woman lying hurt on the ground but does not stop to help her. All of the following are potential reasons for his behavior EXCEPT:
		A)		The boy does not notice the elderly woman is in danger.
		B)		The perceived cost of helping the elderly woman is greater than the perceived benefit.
		C)		The boy is unsure whether the elderly woman actually requires help.
		D)		The boy assumes that another nearby passerby will take responsibility and help the person.
		E)		The boy feels more like an individual and less like a part of a group.
28.		Alastor did very poorly on his last arithmetic test. The tendency to make the fundamental attribution error might lead his sixth-grade teacher to conclude that Freire did poorly because:
		A)		the test covered material that had not been adequately covered in class.
		B)		his parents had an argument the evening before the test.
		C)		his calculator was broken.
		D)		he is unmotivated to do well in school.
		E)		he was not given enough time to complete the test.
29.		Jean is normally shy, but steals a kiss from Beverly in the dark with many other people around, knowing there are so many people she’ll never know it was him. Later, in the light, Beverly looks at the group and demands to know who if anyone knows who kissed her, but no one answers (even though many of them know it was Jean). Jean stealing the kiss in the dark is a result of _______, and no one in the group telling Beverly who it was is an example of _________.
		A)		deindividuation; diffusion of responsibility
		B)		diffusion of responsibility; deindividuation
		C)		social loafing; deindividuation
		D)		diffusion of responsibility; social loafing
		E)		bystander effect; social loafing
30.		Maria suffers from Multiple Personality Disorder (or Dissociative Identity Disorder). She has two main personalities: “Sandy”, who is an older woman, and “Kimmy”, who is a young girl. During a state in which she was the personality “Sandy”, she robs a bank. The police arrest her and administer a lie detector. While she takes the lie detector, she is the personality “Kimmy”. Is it possible that “Kimmy” could pass the lie detector by denying she robbed the bank? Why?
		A)		Yes, she may be able to pass the lie detector as Kimmy, because the different personalities can be so different they may exhibit different physiological reactions.
		B)		Yes, she may be able to pass the lie detector as Kimmy, because younger children are more skilled at passing lie detector tests.
		C)		No, she could not pass the lie detector as Kimmy, because although the personalities within one person may be very different, the physiological reactions are generally constant.
		D)		No, she could not pass the lie detector as Kimmy, because studies find that people with Multiple Personality Disorder find it almost impossible to lie.
		E)		Yes, she may be able to pass the lie detector as Kimmy, because the personalities within the person are always aware of each other and thus could coordinate a lie.
31.		You know a set of identical twins. One twin, McNulty, has felt and looked sad most of his life, but has not yet had a major depressive episode. The other twin, McDonald, is in general a happier person, but has had one major depressive episode two years ago. Everything else being equal, is either twin more likely than the other to have the next depressive episode?
		A)		McNulty is more likely to have the next depressive episode, as his sadness has been building up for a longer time and will need to be expressed.
		B)		Because they share the same genes, both twins are equally like to have the next depressive episode.
		C)		McDonald is more likely to have the next depressive episode, as one depressive episode is the best predictor of another depressive episode.
		D)		There is not enough information to answer this question.
		E)		McNulty is more likely to have the next depressive episode, as feelings of sadness are the best predictors of having a depressive episode.
32.		Sirius is the only juror to favor acquittal of the defendant in a murder trial. To influence the majority he should:
		A)		address his arguments specifically to the member of the majority who seems most disagreeable.
		B)		beat up anyone who disagrees with him.
		C)		express uncertainty about his position.
		D)		be self-confident and consistent in expressing his viewpoint.
		E)		be the last member to speak and present his argument as briefly as possible.
33.		Kema is bipolar and suicidal. According to lecture, at which stage of her illness is she most likely to end her life?
		A)		At the very lowest point of a depressive episode, as her sadness is overwhelming and she wants it to end.
		B)		Right as her depression is beginning to lift, as she has more energy to commit suicide, even though she does not feel as depressed.
		C)		In the highest point of her mania, because she feels so out of control and sped up, even though she may feel very happy.
		D)		Right after a manic episode, because she misses the “highs” of the mania.
		E)		When she is entering a depressive episode, as she cannot stand the thought of being depressed.
34.		Bunk and Chuck are identical twins with schizophrenia. Bunk lives in Mali, an underdeveloped country, and Chuck lives in the United States. They receive the same medications. All else being equal, which twin is more likely to have a more positive outcome?
		A)		Bunk, because underdeveloped countries tend to keep people with schizophrenia involved with community and family
		B)		Chuck, because the United States tends to keep people with schizophrenia in group homes and hospitals where they can be treated by professionals.
		C)		Chuck, because the United States has the best medical system in the world, including access to state-of-the-art drugs, surgery, and psychotherapy.
		D)		Bunk, because schizophrenia is much more rare in poor countries, he will get far better medical care.
		E)		Because they are identical twins, both twins are equally likely to have positive outcomes regardless of where they live.
35.		Rowena is so fearful of being overwhelmed by anxiety that she rarely steps outside her apartment. The thought of going shopping and getting lost in a crowd terrifies her, so she has her groceries delivered. Because of her fear, she earns her living as a freelance writer, working at home. Rowena's behavior is most characteristic of:
		A)		generalized anxiety disorder.
		B)		bipolar disorder.
		C)		obsessive-compulsive disorder.
		D)		agoraphobia.
		E)		antisocial personality disorder.
36.		Cedric has met with his new therapist, Dr. Daniels, three times but does not yet trust him or like him very much. What should Cedric’s next step be?
		A)		Give Dr. Daniels at least 10 more sessions / chances—it takes time to build a therapeutic relationship and he should be open to that.
		B)		Immediately switch therapists—there’s no use wasting time with a therapist with whom he does not get along.
		C)		Stick with Dr. Daniels—stability is the key to getting quality therapy.
		D)		Stop going to therapy— Cedric needs to first work on his skills with getting along with other people and develop the strength to deal with others on his own.
		E)		Try to work transference into the next session—this way Dr. Daniels will be better equipped to deal with Cedric.
37.		The professors gave direct orders to the teaching assistants to fail everyone in the class. The professors did not give a reason but said that the University agreed with their decision, so the TAs obeyed and failed everyone. This incident illustrated that people are most likely to be destructively obedient when:
		A)		they derive personal satisfaction from destructive acts.
		B)		they fail to realize their actions are morally wrong.
		C)		their victims are distant and depersonalized.
		D)		they are evil.
		E)		they perceive their orders to come from legitimate authority figures.
38.		Arabella is tempted to shoplift a gold necklace even though she has negative feelings about shoplifting. Arabella is LEAST likely to steal the merchandise if:
		A)		she has recently shoplifted jewelry from several different stores.
		B)		her negative feelings about shoplifting result from informational social influence.
		C)		her negative feelings about shoplifting result from normative social influence.
		D)		she is suffering the effects of deindividuation.
		E)		she is highly aware of her negative feelings about shoplifting.
39.		You just got a job at the United Nations and have been invited to a high-level party given by Middle Eastern oil executives. You don’t know anyone and don’t speak Arabic or Farsi. Nevertheless, you are able to use your knowledge of social physics to know who the most important person in the room is. Who is it?
		A)		Akmed, who walks from group to group striking up conversations and already seems to know everyone.
		B)		Maybonne, who stands near the entryway and introduces herself to everyone then later walks to each group to see how they are doing, and each group greets her happily.
		C)		Omar, who stands alone and asks people passing by to buy his drilling equipment.
		D)		Lynda, who stands in one spot and different people come talk to her.
		E)		Fahris, who has the loudest voice in the room.
40.		On which of the following tasks would the presence of others be most likely to lead to improved performance?
		A)		learning nonsense syllables
		B)		solving calculus equations
		C)		reciting the months of the year in alphabetical order
		D)		learning foreign language words
		E)		counting backward from 10 to 1
41.		If one were to generalize from Sherif's study of conflict resolution between two groups of children campers, the best way for the United States and China to improve their relationship would be to:
		A)		teach citizens of each country to speak the language of the other country.
		B)		hold highly publicized athletic contests between the two countries.
		C)		allow citizens of each country the right to freely immigrate to the other country.
		D)		minimize their trade and economic exchanges.
		E)		conduct a joint space program designed to land humans on Mars.
42.		Research suggests that the foot-in-the-door technique works because
		A)		People feel guilty when they say no.
		B)		People tell themselves it is better to help others than to be self-centered.
		C)		People who get their foot in the door have a more generous personality.
		D)		People who agree to small requests come to see themselves as the type of individual who does this sort of thing.
		E)		People are not strong enough to shove the foot out of the door and slam it shut.
43.		A benzodiazepine like Xanax would most likely be prescribed in order to help:
		A)		Ginny get rid of her suicidal thoughts and feelings of apathy and hopelessness.
		B)		Rubeus get a perfect score on this exam without even studying.
		C)		Harry discontinue his habit of smoking more than three packs of cigarettes a day.
		D)		Lavender give up her irrational belief that her husband is a foreign government spy.
		E)		Cedric overcome feelings of nervous apprehension and an inability to relax.
44.	Marvolo is 32 years old, well above average in intelligence, and quite charming. What might lead you to suspect he has antisocial personality disorder?
	A)		He constantly worries about germs and often has to wash his hands until his skin is raw.
	B)		He says he hears voices calling him nasty names and telling him to hurt himself.
	C)		He seems to go through cycles of being very talkative and energetic and being hopeless and withdrawn.
	D)		He swindled several elderly people out of their life savings, yet he expresses little regret and does not fear the consequences of getting caught.
	E)		He is afraid of being in a crowded room and avoids potentially embarrassing social situations, so people who know him think he is not very sociable.
45.	Viktor is afraid to ask a girl for a date, so his therapist instructs him to relax and simply imagine he is reaching for a telephone and then calling a potential date. The therapist's technique best illustrates the process of:
	A)		aversive conditioning - he is being conditioned to associate his fear of girls with making telephone calls.
	B)		transference - he is transferring his feelings of fear to the therapist.
	C)		free association - he is being asked to freely associate about his fear of telephones.
	D)		cognitive therapy - he is being taught to change his self-defeating beliefs about his ability to use a phone to ask a girl for a date.
	E)		systematic desensitization - he is being conditioned to associate relaxation with calling a potential date.