Name: ______________________________ UT EID: _________________________ FORM: A

Introductory Psychology (PSY 301, 3:30pm-5pm) – Test 3

Thursday, November 6, 2008

Write your name and UTEID on both the Scantron and on THIS test. BUBBLE in your UTEID (in the identification section) and your form letter (in the special codes section) on the Scantron.

1.		You just escaped a burning house. You see people screaming for help from various windows. Now, you have time to save one person from the burning house. According to evolutionary theory, which person are you most likely you save?
		A)		neighbor
		B)		spouse
		C)		sibling
		D)		grandfather
		E)		your dog “Lucky”
2.		Although Hugo has been obese for as long as he can remember, he is determined to lose excess body fat with a special low-calorie celery diet. Hugo is likely to have difficulty achieving his goal with this diet because:
		A)		fat cells can be lost only with vigorous exercise.
		B)		his resting metabolic rate will increase and prompt him to overeat.
		C)		he has an unusually low set point for body weight.
		D)		fat tissue can be maintained by fewer calories than can other body tissues.
		E)		celery is fattening.
3.		According to lecture, research has (for the most part) supported that homosexuality has a _________ basis
		A)		biological
		B)		social and cognitive
		C)		environmental
		D)		parental
		E)		behaviorally learned
4.		A patient who experienced a traumatic event now has a series of health problems. It is reasonable to assume that
		A)		the traumatic event was physical in nature
		B)		the traumatic event occurred in childhood
		C)		the traumatic event was related to an increase in drug and alcohol use
		D)		the traumatic event was repetitive
		E)		the traumatic event has been kept secret
5.		According to Freud, which of the following is least likely to reveal parts of the unconscious?
		A)		the reality principle
		B)		dream work
		C)		free association
		D)		Freudian slips
		E)		assessing each psychosexual stage
6.		According to the textbook, which of the following suggestions would be the worst advice for a dieter?
		A)		“Don't keep candy or junk food in your home.”
		B)		“Don't just go on a diet. Try walking or riding a bike, too.”
		C)		“Avoid eating during the day so you can enjoy a big meal in the evening.”
		D)		“Don't expect to lose weight fast. In fact, it's better if you reduce your weight gradually over a period of many months.”
		E)		“Eat several small meals throughout the day.”
7.		Dr. Evil electrically stimulates your lateral hypothalamus. This procedure is likely to:
		A)		cause amnesia so that you forget that you need to eat.
		B)		decrease your basal metabolic rate and cause you to gain weight even though your eating habits haven't changed.
		C)		facilitate conversion of your blood glucose to fat.
		D)		permanently lower your set point, which decreases your appetite.
		E)		cause you to begin eating even though you are not hungry.
8.		Which Freudian term would evolutionary psychologists most likely agree exists?
		A)		id
		B)		ego
		C)		superego
		D)		the iceberg analogy of personality
		E)		Freudian slip
9.		Baje, a high school freshman, has a high need to belong. Which of the following is she least likely to do?
		A)		Be especially friendly to everyone to win their approval
		B)		Say that she wouldn't dream of leaving her boyfriend even though he calls her names and abuses her
		C)		Spend all her money on expensive, stylish clothes so she can dress like the popular girls
		D)		Say things she thinks other people want to hear as opposed to saying what she truly thinks or feels
		E)		Spread really nasty rumors about popular girls to get back at them for not paying attention to her
10.		Dr. Pennebaker and Dr. Gosling have gathered data, over the years, on people’s innermost, deepest thoughts/secrets. According to lecture, what trend have they noticed with the most common themes of sex and aggression?
		A)		Over the years, more people are reporting aggressive thoughts and sexual thoughts. This is most likely due to our accessibility to sexual content and violence by way of the internet.
		B)		Over the years, more people are reporting aggressive thoughts. This is most likely due to our accessibility to violence through coverage of the Iraq War.
		C)		Over the years, more people are reporting sexual thoughts. This is most likely due to stricter laws about child pornography. The more sexual images are censored, the more people think about them.
		D)		Over the years, younger people report more sexual and aggressive thoughts; older people always report less sexual and aggressive thoughts
		E)		Over the years, both young and older people continue to report aggressive and sexual thoughts at the same frequency.
11.		You are on a date and you discuss places you would each like to go on vacation. Your date says, “I never been to Chile, so I think I’d like to go there.” Given only this information, which of the Big 5 personality traits will they most likely have a high score on?
		A)		Openness
		B)		Conscientiousness
		C)		Extraversion
		D)		Agreeableness
		E)		Neuroticism
12.		Tim, Joe, and Frank are discussing their views on work and work ethics. Tim comments that ethnic minorities should not be hired of a job based on affirmative action because it is unfair to White people. Joe explains that ethnic minorities should just work hard with what they have and we would not need affirmative action. Frank is feeling uncomfortable and decides to walk away. As Frank is walking away, he begins to feel hypervigilant as he passes a group of ethnic minority students. Which form of racism is each presenting?
		A)		Tim = symbolic; Joe = modern; Frank = aversive
		B)		Tim = symbolic; Joe = old fashion; Frank = aversive
		C)		Tim = modern; Joe = symbolic; Frank = aversive
		D)		Tim = aversive; Joe = modern; Frank = symbolic
		E)		Tim = modern; Joe = aversive; Frank = symbolic
13.		Leonardo, a biracial Black-Latino, loss the election of Mayor to John, who is White. Leonardo was surprised given the fact that he was leading the opinion polls throughout the entire race. This is an example of?
		A)		Selection bias
		B)		Institutional racism
		C)		Modern racism
		D)		Bradley effect
		E)		Media bias
14.		According to Dr. Cokley’s lecture, African Americans, compared with other minorities, tend to receive the most extreme negative attitudes from racist people. Given there are so many other minorities, what is a reason we focus so many studies with racism against African Americans rather than other minorities?
		A)		there are more Black people in the world, so it would make sense to study them the most.
		B)		if we can understand the most extreme forms of racism, we can learn more to better understand racism towards other minorities.
		C)		studying racism against more than one minority at a time is typically too difficult to analyze using today’s statistical software.
		D)		there are more African American researchers than other minorities to design the studies.
		E)		only African Americans tend to experience symbolic racism in the United States whereas other minorities do not, and researchers are interested in all types of racism.
15.		Mr. Moore, a documentary filmmaker, experiences premature ejaculation. Through behaviorally oriented therapy, he would most likely learn to minimize his problem by:
		A)		engaging in sexual activity less frequently.
		B)		eliminating his high level of sexual guilt.
		C)		uncovering the unconscious fears that underlie his problem.
		D)		learning ways to control his urge to ejaculate.
		E)		taking Viagra.
16.		Leo Forest is an amateur golfer who has a high need for achievement. Research suggests that Leo most likely prefers playing golf on courses that for him are:
		A)		very easy.
		B)		moderately difficult.
		C)		extremely difficult.
		D)		very easy or very difficult.
		E)		very exclusive.
17.		We learned in class that Obama and McCain voters had fairly similar morals and values. However, there was one especially significant difference concerning people’s thoughts about the welfare of those close to them vs. concern for the welfare of all people and nature. Based on the data from our class and what you know of these values, which members of our class are likely to donate money to their friends in need AND avoid eating meat for ethical reasons?
		A)		Obama voters, as they are high on benevolence compared with McCain voters and low on universalism compared with McCain voters.
		B)		Obama voters, as they are high on universalism compared with McCain voters and high on benevolence compared with McCain voters.
		C)		Obama voters, as they are high on universalism compared with McCain voters and low on benevolence compared with McCain voters .
		D)		McCain voters, as they are high on universalism compared with Obama voters and low on benevolence compared with Obama voters.
		E)		McCain voters, as they are high on benevolence compared with Obama voters and low on universalism compared with Obama voters.
18.		According to the writing assignment feedback, which of these statements is FALSE?
		A)		those scoring higher on the “need for power” dimension tend to be concerned about who is or is not in control and who has the most status.
		B)		those scoring higher on the “need for achievement” dimension tend to see the story as being related to achievement.
		C)		those who use high rates of self-references tend to be more secure, relaxed, and happy.
		D)		those who use high rates of big words (more than six letters) tend to be less emotional and sometimes psychologically distant or detached.
		E)		those who use a lot of social words tend to be more outgoing and more socially connected to others.
19.		Who is least likely to have a heart-attack?
		A)		Jack Shepard, a self-confident, time-conscious doctor
		B)		Tyler Durden, a relaxed, easy-going salesman
		C)		Dolores Umbridge, an irritable, impatient professor
		D)		Fox Mulder, a fun-loving, hard-driving FBI agent
		E)		your Writing Czar, a perfectionist and psychology graduate student
20.		Sun is upset with her husband, Jin, for not putting his dirty clothes in the laundry basket. Anger experts would most likely recommend that she deal with her frustration by saying to him:
		A)		“I'm not your mother. Take some responsibility.”
		B)		“From now on I'm going to leave my dirty clothes around for you to pick up.”
		C)		“It annoys me that you leave your dirty clothes for me to pick up.”
		D)		“I refuse to make dinner until you do the laundry.”
		E)		“You are such a jerk!”
21.		Which of these statements is FALSE regarding homosexuality?
		A)		rates of homosexuality occur nearly equally across virtually all human cultures.
		B)		homosexuality can be correlated with some purely physical features, such as finger length ratios.
		C)		homosexuality is observed in most non-human mammals.
		D)		bisexual men are more likely to become homosexual over time than bisexual women.
		E)		homosexuality in women is linked to higher levels of estrogen in their mother’s womb.
22.		Ming-Na participated in a beauty pageant and lost. Which of the following conclusions would be most representative of a self-serving bias on Ming-Na's part?
		A)		“I should have practiced more for the talent portion of the competition.”
		B)		“I should have taken more time to think about my answers to the judges' questions.”
		C)		“I'm just not as beautiful as the other girls.”
		D)		“I think the judges were unfair and clearly showed favoritism.”
		E)		“The judges chose the right girl to win.”
23.		Woman A is of average weight, and has a waist-to-hip ratio of .7. Woman B is 20 pounds overweight, and also has a waist-to-hip ratio of .7. Woman C is 20 pounds underweight, and has larger breasts and a waist circumference roughly equal to her hip circumference. Other than these differences, they are all equally attractive. According to lecture and studies here at UT, who are heterosexual men most likely to find most attractive?
		A)		they would find women A and B roughly equally attractive
		B)		they would find woman C the most attractive
		C)		they would find woman A most attractive
		D)		they would find woman A most attractive
		E)		they would find women A and C roughly equally attractive
24.		Amanda is pregnant and decides she needs to choose between her two less-than-perfect boyfriends. There’s Larry, who is in love with her but has loveless sex with other women, or there’s Steve who is sexually faithful to her but is in love with other women. Amanda consults an evolutionary psychologist who advises her to choose Larry. Why?
		A)		because Larry is more likely to spread his genes to other women.
		B)		because Larry is more likely to help raise her child.
		C)		because Amanda will be happiest with the man who has the highest level of sexual ability, regardless of who else he is sleeping with.
		D)		because Larry would represent a smaller investment.
		E)		because Amanda is likely lacking jealousy.
25.		Students who have just been told they have failed Introductory Psychology are asked questions that encourage them to express hostility toward their professors. Research suggests that this opportunity to vent anger will most likely:
		A)		calm their emotions and reduce their anger.
		B)		lead them to perceive their professors' actions as unavoidable.
		C)		rechannel their anger into constructive motivation.
		D)		increase their hostility.
		E)		make them love psychology.
26.		Professor Snape is going through a painful divorce that is causing him a lot of frustration and anxiety. Professor Snape decides to see a Freudian psychoanalyst to discuss his divorce and how it is affecting his personal life and work. Which of the following would suggest to the psychotherapist that Professor Snape is using displacement to cope with his divorce?
		A)		Opposite to what he truly feels, he acts extremely cheerful and carefree around his colleagues and students.
		B)		He creates unnecessarily difficult tests and gives his students unusually low grades.
		C)		He tells other professors that marriage just wasn't for him.
		D)		He talks openly about his feelings with his friends.
		E)		He starts to use mediation to calm his nerves and relieve stress.
27.		Applying what you learned in the class lecture on stress, why wouldn’t giraffes develop ulcers as often as humans do?
		A)		because they do not worry / think about stress; they just react to it.
		B)		because they are too busy hanging around car crashes.
		C)		because they avoid stressful situations and therefore avoid stress.
		D)		because they do not have the hormones that can develop ulcers.
		E)		because they can successfully decide to ignore their stressful thoughts / worries.
28.		Deepa is writing about some personally meaningful, emotional events. You notice that her handwriting has changed greatly over time. According to lecture, this change most likely reflects:
		A)		Deepa’s changing personality, and thus writing as someone with a different Big 5 profile.
		B)		Deepa is changing how she views herself and events around her, and she may benefit from this change.
		C)		Deepa is forgetting traumatic events, and thus the events cannot affect her any longer.
		D)		the writer changing from a public personality to a private personality.
		E)		hand cramps.
29.		According to lecture, which of these statements is true?
		A)		nonverbal / nonwritten expression (such as dancing or abstract painting) of personal experiences tends to make people feel better in the long term, but the effects are not immediately felt.
		B)		nonverbal / nonwritten expression (such as dancing or abstract painting) of personal experiences tends to make people feel better soon after their creation, but the effects don’t tend to be long-lasting.
		C)		nonverbal / nonwritten expression (such as dancing or abstract painting) of personal experiences tends to make people feel better than those who participate in written expression of personal feelings.
		D)		nonverbal / nonwritten expression (such as dancing or abstract painting) of personal experiences can result in reaction formation in a way that writing will not.
		E)		nonverbal / nonwritten expression (such as dancing or abstract painting) of personal experiences tends to make people think they feel better, but they really tend to be worse off.
30.		Nanny Jo believes that parents should accept and try to understand their children's feelings and should honestly disclose their own inner feelings to their children. Her approach to parent-child interaction was most explicitly influenced by:
		A)		Bandura's observational learning research.
		B)		Skinner's work dealing with instrumental conditioning and extinction.
		C)		Rogers' person-centered perspective.
		D)		Jung's beliefs about the collective unconscious.
		E)		Freud's findings concerning the Electra Complex.
31.		Which of the following do both evolutionary theory and Freudian theory share in common?
		A)		they are both typically difficult to test in labs using the traditional scientific method
		B)		together they are able to correctly answer most psychological questions
		C)		they both utilize word association and dream interpretation to learn more about human nature
		D)		they both believe that genes control our behavior more than our environment
		E)		they are merely different words for the same theory
32.		When Dr. Gosling fails to arrive to class as expected, Dr. Pennebaker fears he has been in an accident. Dr. Pennebaker's heart and respiration rate remain elevated until he sees Dr. Gosling come through the door and onto the stage. Dr. Pennebaker's body soon returns to normal due to the action of his ________ nervous system and inhibition of his ________ nervous system.
		A)		parasympathetic; sympathetic
		B)		sympathetic; parasympathetic
		C)		central; peripheral
		D)		somatic; autonomic
		E)		endocrine; reticular
33.		Your friend, Ana Lucia, is mildly depressed. You know Ana Lucia doesn't want to use prescription medication. Based on the study described in the textbook on the effects of different treatments for depression in women, which of the following would you tell Ana Lucia to do to help give her the biggest reduction in depression?
		A)		Smile more and act happy.
		B)		Try meditation.
		C)		Learn some relaxation exercises.
		D)		Get an acupuncture treatment.
		E)		Start jogging or riding a bike.
34.		Which of these would be the best example of a “Freudian Slip”?
		A)		Lisa is trying to multiply five times eleven but accidentally adds them, as she was distracted by her wandering mind.
		B)		George accidentally says “I’d like to spank the teachers” instead of “I’d like to thank the teachers”.
		C)		Siri refuses to admit she forgot a new friend’s name, and instead pretends she never heard it in the first place.
		D)		Kate stutters on the word “motherly love”, saying “m-m-m-otherly l-l-l-ove”
		E)		Freud says, “I’d like to wear women’s undergarments.”
35.		Bill thinks his football team is great because all the players offer different skills and interact well with each other, with no one player the star. Don thinks his football team is great because he has a star quarterback from which the team gathers strength and inspiration and talent-- he calls the quarterback “the heart of the team”. Bill’s view is most similar to the ________ theory of personality, and Don’s view is most similar to the _______ theory of personality.
		A)		Onion skin model; Core model
		B)		Core model; Big Five model
		C)		Bunch of Grapes model; Word Salad model
		D)		Freudian; Jungian
		E)		nature; nurture
36.		When 2-year-old Stewie was told he would get no dessert until he finished the food on his plate, he threw his plate on the floor in a temper tantrum. Freud would have suggested that Stewie was unable to resist the demands of his:
		A)		superego.
		B)		ego.
		C)		id.
		D)		Electra complex.
		E)		parasympathetic nervous system.
37.		Which of these is NOT a valid example of an animal study?
		A)		we can develop animal models of human behaviors like depression, and work on cures
		B)		we can pick out which dogs would be best for bomb-detection during wars
		C)		we can match up puppies with the best possible adoptive owners based on their personalities
		D)		we can study sensation-seeking in chimps to learn more about how humans behave.
		E)		we can study the trait of conscientiousness in fruit flies to help predict how conscientious humans will behave.
38.		You got lost while hiking in the woods and no one has come to rescue you. After a week without food, the feeling of hunger is overwhelming. To relieve your hunger, you start eating some moss growing on a rock. Your behavior is best explained in terms of:
		A)		the general adaptation hypothesis - you are so hungry that you adapt to eating anything.
		B)		instinct theory - all humans eat moss when there is nothing else to eat.
		C)		drive-reduction theory - the feeling of hunger causes arousal that drives you to eat anything to reduce that arousal.
		D)		optimum arousal theory - you are driven to seek an optimal level of hunger arousal.
		E)		free association - you eat whatever comes to mind.
39.		Xander is usually animated and talkative when he is with his girlfriend, but he is often quiet and reserved at home. He actively participates in many classroom discussions but frequently seems reluctant to talk with friends at the campus coffee shop. Xander's behavior should make us more cautious about emphasizing the consistent impact of ________ on behavior.
		A)		personality traits
		B)		psychoanalysis
		C)		the situation
		D)		defense mechanisms
		E)		the id
40.		Because Scarlett is an extravert, she frequently goes to parties where she is encouraged to laugh and socialize with her friends. Because Melanie is an introvert, she frequently spends weekends in the library where it's easy to quietly reflect and study. Scarlett and Melanie best illustrate what is meant by:
		A)		self-actualization.
		B)		the Oedipus complex.
		C)		projection.
		D)		the Barnum effect.
		E)		reciprocal determinism.
41.		After experiencing inescapable brutalities as a prisoner of war, Sayid became apathetic, stopped eating, and gave up all efforts to physically survive the ordeal. Sayid's reaction most clearly illustrates:
		A)		the problem of Sayid's blind optimism that he will survive.
		B)		Freud's defense mechanism of reaction formation - Sayid turns his feelings of defenselessness to feelings of hopelessness.
		C)		that Sayid is experiencing learned helplessness because he had no control over what happened to him as a prisoner of war.
		D)		that Sayid has internal locus of control because he felt in control of his own fate.
		E)		a failure of Sayid's parasympathetic nervous system to activate his "fight or flight" response.
42.		Lisa Simpson was euphoric after learning that she had been accepted by the medical school of her choice. After a few weeks, however, she is only mildly excited when she thinks about her admission to medical school. This change in her feelings can best be explained by:
		A)		Freud's defense mechanism of repression - in order to control her superego, Lisa began repressing her feelings of excitement.
		B)		the gradual deactivation of Lisa's parasympathetic nervous system.
		C)		the feel-good, do-good phenomenon - Lisa was initially very happy about her acceptance, but she didn't go out and help other people, so her happiness decreased.
		D)		the adaptation-level phenomenon - over time, Lisa's adaptation level was recalibrated so that the high level of excitement she felt when she first found out she was accepted is now perceived as more mild or "neutral."
		E)		Lisa's use of the representativeness heuristic to judge how appropriate her level of excitement was based on excitement prototypes.
43.		Juliet's mother told her, “You know you are in love when your heart beats fast and you experience that unique trembling feeling inside whenever you see the man of your dreams.” This remark best illustrates:
		A)		catharsis - because increased arousal can help the person to get rid of the unwanted thoughts.
		B)		Juliet's mother's belief that emotion is a two-factor process that starts with sympathetic nervous system activation that continues until Juliet comes up with the appropriate label of "love."
		C)		the James-Lange theory of emotion that claims that the biological reaction to seeing something is the emotion itself.
		D)		the power of instrumental conditioning - whenever a person's sympathetic nervous system is activated, it can be reinforced by seeing "the man of her dreams."
		E)		Freud's defense mechanism of projection - whenever Juliet sees the man of her dreams, she projects her feelings of love onto her sympathetic nervous system activity.
44.	After being physically aroused by his daily three-mile run, Brad finds that he experiences stronger resentment if his wife, Angelina, asks for an unexpected favor and more intense romantic feelings if she kisses him. Brad's experience can best be explained by:
	A)		the two-factor theory - Brad attributes his arousal to a strong emotional response to either Angelina's request for a favor or to her kiss.
	B)		the James-Lange theory of emotion - Brad's biological reaction to Angelina is the emotion itself.
	C)		the Cannon-Bard theory - Brad experienced the physical arousal at the same time he experienced his emotional response to Angelina, but the arousal did not cause the emotion.
	D)		the adaptation-level phenomenon - whichever emotion Brad experiences is relative to "neutral" emotions defined by his previous experience with Angelina.
	E)		the availability heuristic - Brad judges the likelihood that he is experiencing a certain emotion based on how readily that emotion comes to mind from memory.
45.	About eight months ago, 14-year-old Hermione went on a drastic weight-loss diet that caused her to drop from 110 to 80 pounds. Although she is now dangerously underweight and under-nourished, she continues to think she looks fat. Hermione most clearly suffers from:
	A)		abnormally low levels of leptin.
	B)		bulimia nervosa.
	C)		a high basal metabolic rate.
	D)		anorexia nervosa.
	E)		an abnormally low set point.