Introductory Psychology (PSY 301, 3:30pm-5pm) – Test 2
Tuesday, October 14, 2008
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1. |
Pennebaker's bag of marbles is twice as heavy as Gosling's. If it takes 5 extra marbles to make Gosling's bag feel heavier, it will take 10 extra marbles to make Pennebaker's bag feel heavier. This best illustrates: |
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A) |
grouping. |
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B) |
the gate-control theory. |
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C) |
the McGurk effect. |
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D) |
Weber's law. |
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E) |
the Young-Helmholtz theory. |
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2. |
You are a participant in a psychology study and your task is to state details of objects that are presented to you in your peripheral visual field. According to the demonstration in lecture, which detail would you have the most difficultly seeing? |
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A) |
the basic shape of an item |
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B) |
the contrast of an item |
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C) |
the item altogether |
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D) |
the color of an item |
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E) |
this type of study would never be conducted in psychology |
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3. |
According to lecture, in what way are night terrors and sleepwalking similar? |
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A) |
both are associated with bad dreams |
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B) |
people who experience them cannot be woken up |
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C) |
people who experience them are more hypnotizable |
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D) |
people who experience them are more likely to be depressed |
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E) |
both are associated
with the reticular formation |
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4. |
While sitting in your dorm room and listening to music, you turn the volume up as loud as it can go. After 15 minutes, you fail to realize how loudly the music is blasting. This best illustrates: |
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A) |
perceptual constancy. |
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B) |
sensory adaptation. |
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C) |
why your roommate can't stand you. |
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D) |
Weber's law. |
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E) |
the Ponzo illusion. |
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5. |
Mark, who is 35 years old, has been blind since the age of 2. A corrective surgery was performed to the lenses in his eyes to restore his vision. Upon opening his eyes, what visual process would remain impaired (at least for a few days)? |
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A) |
sensation |
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B) |
perception |
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C) |
transduction |
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D) |
induction |
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E) |
Photosynthesis |
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6. |
During the months when there is a large amount of pollen in the air, your hay fever severely affects your sense of smell. At the same time your food all seems to taste the same. This illustrates the importance of: |
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A) |
serial processing. |
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B) |
making sure you stock up on allergy medication. |
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C) |
sensory blocking. |
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D) |
subliminal detection. |
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E) |
sensory interaction. |
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7. |
In the class exercise, the sound of a horn was repeatedly paired with tasting lemonade, which eventually led to students salivating just at the sound the of the horn. According to the principles of Pavlovian learning (classical conditioning), the sound of the horn would be considered? |
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A) |
Unconditioned Stimulus |
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B) |
Reconditioned Stimulus |
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C) |
Neutral Stimulus |
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D) |
Unconditioned Response |
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E) |
Conditioned Response |
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8. |
Although Ana Lucia sees her biology professor several times a week, she didn't recognize the professor when she saw her in the grocery store. This best illustrates the importance of: |
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A) |
interposition. |
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B) |
context effects. |
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C) |
opponent-processing. |
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D) |
the |
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E) |
perceptual amnesia. |
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9. |
In terms of language, what can humans do that most other animals cannot? |
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A) |
use semantic |
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B) |
use vocals |
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C) |
use syntax |
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D) |
use verbal communication |
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E) |
use gestures |
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10. |
Mateo had a head injury accident and during his assessment, he states, “I called my mother on the television and did not understand the door. It was too breakfast, but they come from far to near.” What is affecting Mateo’s language? |
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A) |
Damage to
Wernicke’s area |
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B) |
Damage to Broca’s area |
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C) |
Damage to the corpus collosum |
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D) |
Damage to the entire left hemisphere of his brain |
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E) |
Symptoms of phantom tongue |
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11. |
People are asked to count the number to basketball passes made by people wearing white shirts, while there are also people passing the ball wearing black shirts. Meanwhile a person dressed in a gorilla suit walks through. The fact that people often fail to notice the man in the gorilla suit is an example of: |
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A) |
the Whorf hypothesis |
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B) |
the effects of deception |
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C) |
the effects of priming |
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D) |
the effects of
selective attention |
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E) |
a falsehood; everyone notices the gorilla |
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12. |
According to self-verification theory, why do people post things on their dorm room door? |
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A) |
they consciously want people to knock on their door |
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B) |
they consciously want to push people away |
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C) |
they want others to see them as the opposite of how they see themselves |
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D) |
they want to portray a false image of themselves |
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E) |
they want others to
see them as they see themselves |
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13. |
After a long day of answering emails about the writing assignment, your writing czar has decided to go to bed early. Although her eyes are closed and she's very relaxed, she has not yet fallen asleep. An EEG is most likely to indicate the presence of: |
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A) |
rapid eye movements. |
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B) |
hallucinations. |
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C) |
delta waves. |
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D) |
alpha waves. |
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E) |
sleep spindles. |
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14. |
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A) |
amnesia. |
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B) |
night terrors. |
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C) |
sleep apnea. |
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D) |
narcolepsy. |
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E) |
insomnia. |
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15. |
In this study, people are asked to rate an individual’s attractiveness based on their wall comments on Facebook. According to lecture, how are individuals rated if they have many negative comments on their Facebook wall? |
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A) |
Men as more
attractive and women as less attractive |
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B) |
Men as less attractive and women as more attractive |
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C) |
Men and women are rated as less attractive |
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D) |
Men and women are rated as more attractive |
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E) |
It is impossible to rate someone’s attractiveness solely based on Facebook comments |
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16. |
Which of these is true about the
blind spot? |
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A) |
it contains only rods but no
cones, so light cannot register, therefore you cannot see. |
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B) |
it contains only cones but no
rods, so the shape and color of objects cannot register. |
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C) |
it is the spot in the eye from which the optical nerve
leaves the eye, which has no rods or cones. |
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D) |
it is also referred to as the
fovea. |
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E) |
it contains dense layers of
bipolar cells used to “anchor” the eye to the brain. |
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17. |
Buffy recalled that in her dream she was dancing with a tall, dark gentleman named Angel when suddenly the music shifted to loud rock and the man disappeared. According to Freud, Buffy's account represents the ________ content of her dream. |
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A) |
manifest |
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B) |
neural |
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C) |
paradoxical |
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D) |
ecstasy |
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E) |
latent |
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18. |
You want to see an image of a red, white, and green flag appear on a blank sheet of white paper. How might you go about doing this? |
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A) |
stare at a picture of a red,
white, and green flag and then stare at the blank paper. |
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B) |
stare at a picture of a red,
white, and blue flag then stare at the blank paper. |
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C) |
stare at a picture of a green, black, and red flag then
stare at the blank paper. |
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D) |
stare at a black and white flag
then stare at a red piece of paper |
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E) |
stare at a yellow, green, and
black flag and then stare at the blank paper. |
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19. |
Tiki was dismayed to discover that some of his football teammates were using drugs to enhance their footwork and endurance on the playing field. Which of the following drugs were the players most likely using? |
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A) |
amphetamines |
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B) |
barbiturates |
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C) |
marijuana |
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D) |
LSD |
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E) |
opiates |
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20. |
You are one of seven candidates for a very well-paying, rewarding job. Each candidate gives a speech one night of the week, then the next candidate gives his or her speech the next night, so that all seven candidates has one night dedicated to their speech during that week. The order of speeches is randomly decided. Knowing what you know of memory theory, when would you like to give your speech? |
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A) |
at the beginning of the week, so
that you will make that important first impression and be remembered – this
takes advantage of primacy. |
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B) |
in the middle of the week, so
that you can take advantage of people before and after you making mistakes –
this would be the best way of taking advantage of both primacy and recency. |
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C) |
last, so people have a better chance of remembering you –
this takes advantage of recency effects. |
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D) |
either first or last, to take
advantage of primacy or recency effects, which would be approximately equal
in this case. |
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E) |
order would have no effect in
this case, so you will happily take whatever order you get. |
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21. |
After one chimpanzee sees a second chimp open a box that contains a food reward, the first animal opens a similar box with great speed. This best illustrates: |
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A) |
respondent behavior. |
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B) |
shaping. |
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C) |
generalization. |
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D) |
spontaneous recovery. |
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E) |
observational learning. |
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22. |
Ariana looks at a stranger’s Facebook page and decides the stranger is likely to be an extrovert based on his many friends, many wall posts, and the content of his page. Based on the studies we learned about Facebook from the writing assignment, Ariana, like most people, is most likely to: |
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A) |
be correct in her judgment that the stranger is an
extrovert, but less likely to know what
impression her own Facebook profile conveys to others. |
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B) |
be
incorrect in her judgement that the stranger is an extrovert, but have a good
idea of what impression her own Facebook profile conveys to others. |
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C) |
be
equally likely to be right or wrong in her assessment of the stranger’s
personality and be equally right or wrong regarding what impression her own
Facebook profile conveys to others. |
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D) |
quit
Facebook and vow to never look at it again, as these studies creep her out. |
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E) |
be correct in her judgement that the stranger is an extrovert, and also likely to know what impression her own Facebook profile conveys to others. |
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23. |
You’ve always suspected Cookie Monster has some sort of disorder. He provides you with this spoken language sample: “Me want cookie. Put cookie tummy. Cookie food eat NOW.” Based on this sample, you diagnose Cookie Monster with: |
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A) |
damage to Broca’s area because
he can use content words but is having trouble with function words. |
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B) |
damage
to Wernicke’s area because he can use function words but is having trouble
with content words. |
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C) |
depression
because he is not using the word “I” at all.
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D) |
being
a man because he is using very few articles like “the” and “an”. |
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E) |
damage
to Snuffleupagus’s area because he clocked him in the snout. |
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24. |
Student X is scared of Dr. Pennebaker. On the first day of class, after the bell rang and Dr. Pennebaker walked on stage, the student's autonomic nervous system responded. After a couple weeks, the student's heart rate starts to increase at the sound of the bell. In this case, the bell is a(n): |
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A) |
stimulated response. |
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B) |
conditioned response. |
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C) |
conditioned stimulus. |
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D) |
unconditioned stimulus. |
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E) |
unconditioned response. |
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25. |
Of
the following, the best example of a token economy is: |
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A) |
a mouse being rewarded a food pellet when it learns
to differentiate a nickel and a dime. |
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B) |
a puppy salivating when it hears a can opener
opening its food. |
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C) |
a gambler being rewarded by coins from a slot
machine. |
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D) |
a gorilla's learned behavior being
rewarded with plastic chips with which she can "buy" tasty snacks. |
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E) |
giving
students five dollars in cash on days they pay attention and do well in
class. |
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26. |
Four-year-old Anya asks her mother for a special treat every time they go to the grocery store. Although her mother initially granted every request, she later decides to stop giving Anya special treats. Research suggests that Anya will most likely: |
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A) |
get put in "time-out" for nagging her mother. |
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B) |
ask for a treat every time her mother takes her out, even if they don't go to the grocery store. |
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C) |
throw a violent fit whenever she does not get a treat. |
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D) |
soon give up asking for a treat entirely. |
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E) |
continue to ask for a treat nearly every time she goes to the store. |
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27. |
You want to make your roommate think he saw an elephant on TV yesterday, even though there was no elephant on TV. Which of the following is an example of using priming to get your roommate to say he or she saw an elephant? |
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A) |
Write
down the sentence “I saw an elephant on TV yesterday” and trick your roommate
into reading it aloud. |
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B) |
every
time your roommate says he or she saw anything other than an elephant on TV,
pinch him or her. |
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C) |
When
your roommate claims to have no seen an elephant on TV yesterday, tell him or
her they were wrong, and there was an elephant. Keep saying this until the roommate gives
in and says it. |
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D) |
place pictures of elephants around your
dorm room, and mention the words “grey” “trunk” “zoo” and “elephantitis” in
casual conversation. |
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E) |
Tell your roommate you will give him or her fifty dollars if they say they saw an elephant on TV yesterday. |
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28. |
Inara fails to see any connection between how hard she works and the grade she gets on her exams. Consequently, she puts little effort into studying, even though she really wants a good grade. This best illustrates the importance of ________ in the operant conditioning of work habits. |
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A) |
modeling |
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B) |
cognitive processes |
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C) |
biological predispositions |
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D) |
generalization |
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E) |
primary reinforcers |
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29. |
According to ideas put forth by JJ Gibson regarding human’s tendency to perceive the world according to what we need, what is the best way to sell a chair to the greatest number of people? |
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A) |
create an ad showing the chair alone with no context. |
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B) |
create an ad showing the chair
in a beautifully decorated house. |
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C) |
create an ad showing a beautiful
model smiling next to the chair. |
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D) |
create an ad showing the chair
as a gymnasium on which cats may climb |
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E) |
create an ad showing the chair
in an otherwise ugly house. |
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30. |
Kate developed an intense fear of flying four years ago when she was in a plane crash. The fact that today she can again fly without distress indicates that her fear has undergone: |
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A) |
discrimination. |
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B) |
extinction. |
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C) |
spontaneous reduction. |
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D) |
acquisition. |
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E) |
generalization. |
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31. |
The capacity of our sensory memory is: |
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A) |
often smaller than what we need.
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B) |
generally limited to seven plus
or minus two items. |
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C) |
larger than we can use at any particular time. |
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D) |
equal to what we can recall in a
fraction of a second. |
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E) |
able to be increased with
practice. |
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32. |
You are shown a picture of a dog. You are then asked “how heavy was the big dog?” Your friend Juan was shown the same picture but he was asked “how much did the dog weigh?” You are likely to say the dog weighed more than Juan’s estimate because: |
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A) |
the words “heavy” and “big” primed you to be more likely
to judge the dog as weighing more. |
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B) |
the first question contains more
syllables and thus would prompt a “bigger” answer. |
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C) |
descriptive words like “heavy”
and “big” easily enter your procedural memory and will thus bias you to
answer the dog was overweight. |
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D) |
of
chunking the words “heavy” and “big”, which allows you to increase both your
memory and size perceptions. |
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E) |
of neo-classical conditioning, a
proven human phenomenon. |
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33. |
During his psychology test, Sayid could not remember the meaning of the term “hindsight bias.” Surprisingly, however, he accurately remembered that the term appeared on the fourth line of a left-hand page in his textbook. His memory of this incidental information is best explained in terms of: |
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A) |
the hindsight bias. |
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B) |
automatic processing. |
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C) |
the serial position effect. |
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D) |
the spacing effect. |
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E) |
imagination inflation. |
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34. |
Nick calls his son’s security blanket a “bloopie”, and his whole family adopts this word and uses it regularly. For this specific family, “bloopie” is a(n): |
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A) |
semantically correct term for a security blanket. |
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B) |
syntactically correct term for a
security blanket. |
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C) |
example of nonverbal
communication, but not language. |
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D) |
meaningless word. |
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E) |
embarrassment. |
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35. |
Although Desmond can learn and remember how to ride a bike, he is unable to learn and remember the names of people to whom he has been introduced. Desmond is most likely to have suffered damage to his: |
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A) |
cerebellum. |
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B) |
hippocampus. |
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C) |
pituitary gland. |
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D) |
brainstem. |
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E) |
hypothalamus. |
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36. |
After reading a newspaper report suggesting that drunken driving might have contributed to a recent auto accident, several people who actually witnessed the accident began to remember the driver involved as driving more recklessly than he actually was. This provides an example of: |
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A) |
the misinformation effect. |
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B) |
proactive interference. |
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C) |
the serial position effect. |
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D) |
deja vu. |
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E) |
an echoic memory. |
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37. |
As a child, Hugo dreamed that he was chased and attacked by a ferocious dog. Many years later, he mistakenly recalled that this had actually happened to him. Hugo's false recollection best illustrates: |
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A) |
iconic memory. |
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B) |
implicit memory. |
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C) |
source amnesia. |
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D) |
long-term potentiation. |
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E) |
mood-congruent memory. |
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38. |
In twenty years, when someone asks a group of people your age (assuming you will be around 38 or 40 years old) to name the top 5 most important events of the past 50 years, they are most likely to respond: |
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A) |
with
events that tend to perfectly match what their children and parents would
answer. |
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B) |
with events that are currently
happening, assuming you are between the ages of 15 and 25, as these
historical events will define you most. |
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C) |
with
events that happened most recently, as they will be fresher in the mind and
thus most vivid and significant. |
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D) |
with
events that happened to them between the ages of 4 and 14, as these are the
most formative years. |
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E) |
with
events that tend to perfectly match what their children and parents would
answer. |
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39. |
People are likely to take less time to recognize a woman as a nurse than a man as a nurse because a woman more closely resembles their nurse: |
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A) |
heuristic. |
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B) |
hierarchy. |
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C) |
fixation. |
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D) |
prototype. |
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E) |
algorithm. |
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40. |
Chris encounters an animal that he has never seen before. To identity what type of animal it is, he uses his general knowledge about animals (i.e. how the animal physically looks, how the animal is behaving, etc.) and concludes the animal is some type of dog. This process is called: |
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A) |
top-down |
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B) |
bottom-up |
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C) |
Gibson process |
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D) |
opponent process |
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E) |
Swann process |
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41. |
Just because she believes that boys are naughtier than girls, Ms. Garrison, a fourth-grade teacher, watches boys more closely than she watches girls for any signs of misbehavior. Ms. Garrison's surveillance strategy best illustrates: |
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A) |
framing. |
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B) |
fixation. |
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C) |
confirmation bias. |
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D) |
operant conditioning. |
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E) |
the availability heuristic. |
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42. |
At the age of 15 months, Kaylee repeatedly cries “hoy” when she wants her mother to hold her. Kaylee is most likely in the ________ stage of language development. |
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A) |
one-word |
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B) |
conventional |
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C) |
preoperational |
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D) |
babbling |
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E) |
telegraphic speech |
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43. |
The isolated Piraha
tribespeople of |
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A) |
fixations on problem solving. |
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B) |
prototypes on concept formation. |
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C) |
genetics on intelligence. |
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D) |
algorithms on decision-making. |
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E) |
language on thinking. |
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44. |
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A) |
useless information. |
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B) |
predictive validity. |
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C) |
intelligence. |
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D) |
content validity. |
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E) |
reliability. |
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45. |
According to lecture, which of the following is true about hypnosis? |
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A) |
under hypnosis, people are able to recall more accurate information |
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B) |
under hypnosis,
people can be less bothered by pain |
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C) |
under hypnosis, people have super human abilities |
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D) |
under hypnosis, people are vulnerable to doing something against their will |
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E) |
anyone can be hypnotized, regardless of whether they refuse |
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