Pennebaker/Gosling Introductory Psychology – Test 5

December 7, 2006

1.	___________ is to Prozac, as ____________ is to Haloperidol
	a.	Sexual dysfunction; tardive dyskenisia
	b.	Heart attacks; cancer
	c.	Diabetes; Heart disease
	d.	Withdrawal; tolerance
	e.	Tremors; Waxy flexibility

2.	The behavior of “prison guards” in Zimbardo’s prison study (mentioned in your textbook) and the behavior of “teachers” in Milgram’s obedience study were both important in demonstrating:
	a.	The negative impact that a psychopath can have on others.
	b.	The importance of personality on negative behaviors.
	c.	The general tendency to underestimate situational influences on negative behaviors.
	d.	The power of peer pressure to inhibit negative behaviors.
	e.	The general tendency to underestimate the likelihood of helping behaviors.

3.	According to the 5^th Writing Assignment for this class, what can we infer about Coco if we know that she received a Linguistic Style Matching (LSM) score of –0.80?
	a.	Coco is probably gullible.
	b.	Coco is probably not easily swayed by others.
	c.	Coco probably should not get a managerial or leader position in her career.
	d.	Coco is a good dancer.
	e.	Coco has codependency issues.

4.	_____________ is to OCD, as ___________ is to bipolar disorder.
	a.	Marijuana; Cocaine
	b.	Haloperidol; Prozac
	c.	Wellbutrin; psychedelics
	d.	Clomipramine; lithium
	e.	Tylenol; Advil

5.	You really want to go to the Bahamas over winter break but you don’t know how to convince your best friend to go. What would your best strategy be?
	a.	Talk to your best friend’s parents about how bad the Bahamas is so they tell her not to go, in turn she will choose to go in order to defy her parents.
	b.	Talk to your best friend alone.
	c.	Talk to your best friend with another friend who does not want to go to the Bahamas.
	d.	Give her the silent treatment until she gives in.
	e.	Get 3-4 people who want to go to the Bahamas and then talk to your best friend with the group.

6.	You have just entered into a restaurant where everybody has their napkins tied around their foreheads. According to Asch’s theory of INFORMATIONAL social influence, you think that:
	a.	You don’t want to be viewed as different from everyone else
	b.	You want to be just like everyone else
	c.	You just want to be accepted as part of the group
	d.	Everyone in the restaurant knows something that you don’t
	e.	You don’t care what everyone else is doing

7.	If your physician prescribes a drug to treat your depression, what is the likelihood you will experience relief from your symptoms?
	a.	Very low because drugs need to be combined with therapy
	b.	About 65%
	c.	About 20%
	d.	About the same as if she had prescribed a placebo
	e.	100%

8.	A general conclusion growing out of the recent research on treating mental disorders is that
	a.	Psychotropic medications are the treatment of choice for most such disorders.
	b.	The treatment of mental disorders is not very promising and so few treatments will be developed in the years ahead.
	c.	The interventions that eventually prove useful will be very small in number.
	d.	The use of psychotropic medications is likely to become much less popular in the years ahead.
	e.	Medications frequently deal with the symptoms but cognitive and behavioral approaches are necessary to solve behavioral problems.

9.	In class you think of yourself as intellectually motivated while at a party you think of yourself as fun loving and outgoing. This is an example of
	a.	A poorly integrated self.
	b.	The influence of situational factors on your working self.
	c.	An interdependent self.
	d.	An independent self.
	e.	The cocktail-party effect.

10.	John has been married for several years and is beginning to worry about whether it will last. According to Gottman’s research the prognosis is better if
	a.	The couple does not fight.
	b.	One member of the pair always withdraws when the conflicts become intense.
	c.	The female in the relationship wants to have sex 5 times more than the male does.
	d.	Positive interactions outweigh negative interactions by 5 to 1.
	e.	Both members of the pair use the silent treatment at the same time.

11.	A gambler who is losing badly attributes his luck to another person at the table with “bad karma.” This attribution is a case of
	a.	Bystander bias.
	b.	Bystander intervention.
	c.	Self-serving bias.
	d.	Zenward comparison.
	e.	Bystander apathy.

12.	You and your friend are both getting excellent grades in the psychology class. According to self-maintenance theory, excelling at things your friends also do
	a.	Boosts everyone’s self-esteem more than excelling alone.
	b.	Increases a sense of group solidarity.
	c.	Leads you to see your friend in a more positive way than before.
	d.	May lead to you distancing yourself from your friend.
	e.	Increases the probability that you will be lifelong friends.

13.	In comparing the effects of psychotherapy and drug treatments on brain functioning in depression, it has been found that
	a.	Psychotherapy has no detectable effects while the effects for drug treatments can be dramatic.
	b.	Neither psychotherapy nor drug treatments have detectable brain effects.
	c.	Drug treatments have no detectable effects on the brain, while the effects for psychotherapy are dramatic.
	d.	They have nearly identical effects suggesting that both drug treatments and psychotherapy should never be given to a person at the same time.
	e.	They both tend to have detectable brain effects.

14.	Amit is pledging to join a new fraternity, and sees no objective criteria for predicting whether or not he will get into the fraternity. He will probably:
	a.	Take lithium pills.
	b.	Suffer a loss in self-esteem.
	c.	Compare himself with other pledges.
	d.	Experience a gain in self-esteem.
	e.	Use terror management theory.

15.	Your friend has just started on the drug lithium, which is used in the treatment of bipolar disorder. Your friend is experiencing some slight side effects. Your friend is considering stopping the drug treatment. What would you recommend?
	a.	Agree; lithium has side effects that intensify over time.
	b.	Disagree; lithium often prolongs the manic phase of bipolar disorder, which is better than feeling depressed.
	c.	Disagree; lithium shows a reduction in side effects with continued use.
	d.	Agree; lithium is much less effective than either TMS or ECT for treatment of this disorder.
	e.	Agree; lithium often intensifies the manic phase of bipolar disorder, which causes people with the disorder to behave in destructive ways.

16.	You feel that you are well-liked for your achievements in basketball and soccer. You are more likely to bask in the reflected glory of a friend’s achievements when
	a.	Your friend wins a chess competition.
	b.	The friend scores as many points as you do in basketball games.
	c.	The friend wins an award for most valuable player on your basketball team.
	d.	Your friend beats you in a basketball game.
	e.	Your friend scores as many goals as you do in soccer.

17.	Imagine that you are a consultant to a person campaigning for public office who has enough money to pay for 10 minutes of TV time. On the basis of what psychologists know about liking and about persuasion, which of the following TV ad strategies would you recommend?
	a.	Buy one 10-minute time slot to appear right after an ad for your opponent.
	b.	Buy twenty 30-second time slots.
	c.	Use two 5-minute time slots widely separated in time.
	d.	Have one 10-minute time slot appear on the channel most widely viewed by the people who will be voting on your office.
	e.	Buy one 30-second time slot, then anonymously donate the rest to charity.

18.	By now you have formed an impression of Professor Pennebaker. If you were to show a 30 second clip of Professor Pennebaker’s lecture to your roommate, the impression formed by your roommate would be
	a.	Much more positive than your impression.
	b.	Much less positive than your impression.
	c.	Surprisingly similar to your impression.
	d.	Based almost entirely on stereotypes of professors.
	e.	Based almost entirely on stereotypes of males.

19.	Kevin recently met Stacy and gives her a picture of himself, asking her to put it on her desk. He is probably hoping to capitalize on the
	a.	Reciprocity effect; seeing his picture on her desk every day will make her think she likes him.
	b.	Mere exposure effect; seeing his picture repeatedly will make her like him more.
	c.	Dissonance effect; if he goes through the effort of giving her the picture, she’ll realize he must be attracted to her.
	d.	Halo effect; if he’s nice enough to give her his picture, he must be a nice guy.
	e.	Pheromones; seeing the picture will make him appear more attractive.

20.	According to dissonance theory, which students should have a more positive attitude toward the school they decide to attend? A student who:
	a.	Has a really high SAT score.
	b.	Was offered admission to only one school and rejected from others.
	c.	Was admitted to several schools but clearly preferred one of them.
	d.	Was admitted by an early admission program.
	e.	Had difficulty choosing between two very good schools.

21.	Several individuals who share the view that most grades should be pass-fail discuss this topic one night. By the time the discussion is over, they agree that all grades should be pass-fail. This is an example of
	a.	Social facilitation.
	b.	Group solidarity.
	c.	Group polarization.
	d.	Conformity.
	e.	Social inhibition.

22.	You decide to use the door-in-the-face technique to get your roommate’s help on a project. This approach would involve
	a.	Being especially nice to your roommate before asking.
	b.	First asking for 3 hours and later for the 20 hours you actually need.
	c.	First asking for 20 hours of help and then later reducing it to the 3 hours you actually want.
	d.	Displaying how hurt you are if it seems that your roommate is not going to help.
	e.	First asking for 1 hour of help and then later making sure you only get help for exactly 1 hour.

23.	Imagine that you have fallen and broken your leg. Under which of the following conditions could you expect to receive help most quickly?
	a.	Many people have observed the accident.
	b.	If it is raining outside.
	c.	Several females have observed your fall.
	d.	Five of your same-sex friends are with you.
	e.	Only your roommate is present.

24.	Your roommate reports meeting a totally blind person for the first time in her life and found the person to be very shy and withdrawn. Your roommate observes that this is “probably what all blind people are like.” This statement is an example of
	a.	Attributional bias.
	b.	Reference group error.
	c.	Deindividuation.
	d.	A stereotype.
	e.	The just world hypothesis.

25.	Imagine that your brother just got married and reports that his sex life is wonderful. If this marriage is typical of those in American culture
	a.	He can expect this aspect of the relationship to get even better over the course of several years.
	b.	His sexual interest will increase over the first several years while his wife’s will remain constant.
	c.	The level of sexual activity in the marriage during the second year will be roughly half of what it was in the first.
	d.	The levels of sexual interest and activity shown by both partners will increase up until about the seventh year.
	e.	He is obviously lying.

26.	Imagine that you are an office manager in charge of six people doing simple data entry tasks. How could you best arrange the work setting to get the highest level of productivity?
	a.	Put each person in a separate room so each one is not distracted by the others.
	b.	Place them in a common room where they can see each other but not talk to one another.
	c.	Have them work at home.
	d.	Have them work in pairs in three separate cubicles.
	e.	Have the slowest person work in the manager’s chair.

27.	Kansas residents agree that Miss Kansas has a pretty face. If Miss Kansas were to travel to the Middle East, would most Middle Easterners agree that she has a pretty face?
	a.	No; beauty is in the eye of the beholder.
	b.	No; children and adults have very different standards of facial attractiveness.
	c.	Yes; but only if the Middle Easterners get to know her personality.
	d.	No; some cultures highly prefer asymmetrical or unusual faces.
	e.	Yes; people found to be attractive in one culture are also found attractive in others.

28.	Your friend Sid has decided to treat his severe depression with a symptom reduction method. Which of the following would be most productive:
	a.	Psychoanalysis, because he can talk about his issues with aggression
	b.	Triphening, although it is painful and has been proven not to work
	c.	Visit a humanistic therapist who will accept Sid for who he truly is.
	d.	Electroconvulsive Shock therapy, which will release neurotransmitters into his brain
	e.	The Insight method, where he should just wait in his room until he has insight into why he is depressed

29.	Imagine that Carl Rogers is your psychotherapist, and he is taking a humanistic approach to your therapy sessions. Which of the following would you NOT expect from him?
	a.	He summarizes what you have told him
	b.	He shows you unconditional positive regard
	c.	He repeats back to you what you have told him
	d.	He faces you during the therapy sessions
	e.	He asks you leading questions

30.	Kramer is a student in a very large introductory psychology class. Whenever he sends out a mass email to the class requesting a copy of lecture notes for the classes he missed, he rarely gets a response. What can he do to maximize the helping behavior of his fellow students?
	a.	Make a direct (face to face) personal request to a group of students in the classroom.
	b.	In the mass email, he should mention his first and last name.
	c.	Make a direct (face to face) personal request to the section of the classroom where all the attractive females sit.
	d.	Make a direct (face to face) personal request to a specific person in the classroom.
	e.	Put a subliminal request in the songs that are played while people are walking into class.

31.	You are sitting in a therapist’s office about to begin treatment. You were blindfolded as you were taken into therapy and now that the blindfold is removed you are in a room with at least 7 degrees/awards on the wall. You are lying on a couch and the therapist is asking you questions but you cannot see her because she is sitting behind you. You feel very intimidated, as if the therapist has all of the control. You are most likely is which kind of therapy:
	a.	Humanistic
	b.	Dialectic
	c.	Cognitive Behavioral (CBT)
	d.	Anthropological
	e.	Psychoanalysis

32.	Your friend Abbie is planning on seeing a therapist, but she is not sure which approach will be right for her. She will be leaving for Europe in 3 months to compete in a professional wrestling match. She wants to focus on the cause of her anxiety. What kind of therapy will work best for her given her time schedule:
	a.	Antianxiety medication, such as Valium will help her relax and are not habit forming
	b.	She should visit a humanistic therapist, which will only take 8-12 once-a-week sessions to help her
	c.	She should visit a psychoanalyst, who can help her in only one visit
	d.	She should have you perform a triphening, which will help her instantly with no physical side effects
	e.	She should have electroconvulsive shock therapy, which only needs one visit to cure depression

33.	You are at your friend Michelle’s party. You are in a group of about 5 people and a guy you don’t know has just joined the group. He has started to make really weird jokes and eventually you and your friend disperse to find other people to talk to. What would you call the guy that joined your group?
	a.	An attractor
	b.	A social bomb
	c.	A typical college male
	d.	A negative detractor
	e.	An example of defining mass

34.	According to the social gravity metaphor discussed in lecture, which of the following is most likely to occur:
	a.	Ingrid in Illinois will fall in love with her physically unattractive next door neighbor.
	b.	Tom in Tennessee will fall in love with a beautiful South African actress, who he has seen once in his mother’s old magazine collection.
	c.	Frederick in Florida will fall in love with his roommate Julie (originally from Joplin), who is physically attractive.
	d.	Heather in Houston will fall in love with Derek in Dallas who is physically attractive.
	e.	Arty in Austin will fall in love with Susanna from San Antonio, who is physically unattractive.

35.	Your friend Carlos claims that he always helps everyone who needs it. According to the lecture, you tell him:
	a.	He is more likely to help a girl he finds attractive than an unattractive girl
	b.	He is more likely to seek help than to be helped
	c.	He is less likely to help in a potentially dangerous situation
	d.	He is more likely to help other males than a female
	e.	He is more likely to help someone that is dressed in a different style than him

36.	Imagine that you have recently met a member of the opposite sex that you constantly think about, want to be with constantly, and have a strong sexual attraction to. Walster and Berscheid would say that you are in a state of
	a.	Companionate love.
	b.	Passionate love.
	c.	Irrational love.
	d.	Infatuated love.
	e.	Compassionate love.

37.	You and your psychoanalyst have been talking for half an hour about your anger issues. He keeps bringing up the fact that your father would yell at you after baseball games. You start to get angrier and angrier with the therapist the more he talks to you. What explanation would your psychoanalyst give for your behavior?
	a.	Your anger issues are out of control
	b.	You are demonstrating unconditional positive regard
	c.	You are transferring your anger at your father on to the therapist
	d.	The therapist is trying to reduce your symptoms
	e.	The therapist is getting you to recognize your irrational thinking patterns

38.	You are sitting in your dorm room working on a paper when you hear someone scream. What would be the most effective way for the person screaming to yell in order to get you to call 911?
	a.	She should yell “You in the room working on your paper, please help me”
	b.	She should yell “Is there anyone out there who can help me?”
	c.	She should yell “Someone please call the police”
	d.	She should just scream at a loud volume without saying words
	e.	She should yell “Stop. Leave me alone. I don’t know why I married you”

39.	Mason has noticed that all 20 members of his fraternity are wearing Adidas sneakers except for him. According to the literature on conformity, he is much less likely to run out and buy the latest pair of Adidas sneakers if:
	a.	He bases his self-worth on being a member of this fraternity.
	b.	There is at least one other person in his fraternity who doesn’t wear Adidas sneakers.
	c.	The competing fraternity’s members ALSO all wear Adidas sneakers.
	d.	Three or four of his closest friends are also in the fraternity.
	e.	He thinks one of his fraternity brothers is unattractive.

40.	Tyra is taking part in a psychological drug-research study to study the effects of Prozac on Depression. During the study, she receives a placebo. The placebo will probably have:
	a.	No effect on her mental health functioning.
	b.	An effect on her mental health functioning equal to that of Prozac.
	c.	Mostly motor side effects (e.g. tremors and balance impairment).
	d.	A greater effect on mental health functioning than Prozac.
	e.	A small effect on her mental health functioning.

41.	During World War II, there were many people involved in the torturing and killing of millions of victims in the Holocaust. According to Milgram’s studies, what can we infer about the people who killed Holocaust victims?
	a.	Most of the people who killed victims were always in the same room as the victims whenever the torture occurred.
	b.	Most of the people who killed victims were chosen for those jobs because they were psychopaths.
	c.	Most of the people who killed victims were chosen because they had previous criminal records.
	d.	Many people who killed probably experienced diffusion of responsibility and obedience to authority.
	e.	People who killed had low self-esteem.

42.	Your cell phone company asks if you would be willing to give a brochure about the company to another resident in your household, and you agree. Later that week, your cell phone company announces that it will be raising its rates. Your cell phone company appears to be using the _____ strategy to get you to go along with the rate increase.
	a.	Low-leveling
	b.	Door-in-the-face
	c.	Foot-in-the-door
	d.	Threatening
	e.	Self-serving bias

43.	Trina has just come home from her court date for a speeding ticket. She has been given mandatory community service and must tutor 4^th graders in Math and is not looking forward to it because she hates kids. After two weeks she is telling all of her friends that they should tutor too because it is such a great experience. What has happened?
	a.	She has experience an insight moment where she realized that she doesn’t hate kids after all.
	b.	She has experienced cognitive dissonance where she has changed her behavior to match her attitude.
	c.	She has experienced transference, where she is placing her gratitude for not being in jail onto her positive experience tutoring.
	d.	She has experienced cognitive dissonance, where she has changed her attitude to match her behavior.
	e.	She has experienced social physics, where her closeness to kids has changed her attitudes about them.

44.	You are organizing the introduction party for the new pledges at your sorority. From what you observed at the social physics party during lecture, what can you expect to observe among the new pledges? The group will become _____________, probably because _________________.
	a.	More wild in their behavior; people will become more anxious.
	b.	Closer in physical space; nobody wants to be left out.
	c.	Spread out over the entire sorority house; people will become more comfortable over time.
	d.	Quieter within minutes; people simply run out of conversation material.
	e.	Spread out over the entire sorority house; Americans need to have a great deal of personal space.

45.	Duhaan was in a rush to complete his experimental participation hours for his introductory psychology course. As he was on his way to the last experiment available, he witnessed a small car accident in the HEB (large grocery store) parking lot. Duhaan didn’t even stop to see if the drivers and passengers in the car accident were okay or to serve as a witness. All of the following are reasons why Duhaan probably didn’t stop, EXCEPT:
	a.	His mind was filled with nightmarish thoughts about what would happen to his GPA if he didn’t get to this last hour of experimental participation on time, and so he didn’t notice that nobody else was calling the cops.
	b.	Having an “incomplete” in the introductory psychology class by not completing his experimental participation hours was too costly.
	c.	Duhaan probably has a non-helping personality; as shown by this incident, he probably wouldn’t stop to help anybody in any situation.
	d.	Since other people were around, he figured that other people would stop to see if the drivers were okay.
	e.	Since other people were around, he figured somebody else had already called the cops to deal with the accident.

ANSWERS

1. a

2. c

3. b

4. d

5. e

6. d

7. b

8. e

9. b

10. d

11. c

12. d

13. e

14. c

15. c

16. a

17. b

18. c

19. b

20. e

21. c

22. c

23. e

24. d

25. c

26. b

27. e

28. d

29. e

30. d

31. e

32. b

33. b

34. c

35. a

36. b

37. c

38. a

39. b

40. e

41. d

42. c

43. d

44. b

45. c