Study Guide for Midterm 1.

1. What are different parts of a scientific article? Explain their function.

2. Describe different types of hormones. Explain their properties.

3. Describe the mode of production of peptide hormones.

4. What is a steroid hormone?

5. What happens after a hormone activates its receptors?

6. Describe different types of chemical communication.

7. What is the posterior pituitary gland?

8. How does it differ from the anterior pituitary gland?

9. Compare the neurons connected to the anterior and posterior pituitary glands.

10. Describe the hormones of the anterior pituitary gland.

11. What is a hormonal axis? How does it work?

12. What are the consequences of removal of a peripheral target gland on the activity of its endocrine axis?

13. Outline and Compare the HPA and HPG axes.

14. Compare the hormonal controls of the ovary and testicle

15. Outline the mechanisms of sexual determination for behavior and external genitalia

16. What would happen if an XY individual had no functional androgen receptors? How would this person behave? What would this person look like?

17. What could happen to a XX individual with a copy of the sry gene?

Study Guide for Midterm 2.

1. How is testosterone metabolized in the brain?

2. Explain various forms of disorders associated with sexual differentiation.

3. Explain the process of sexual differentiation in the nucleus of the bulbocavernosus muscle.

4. Explain sexual differences and social hierarchy in hyenas.

5. Explain the process of sexual differentiation in quail.

6. Describe alternatives to genetic sexual differentiation, in reptiles and in fish.

7. Would you test the different components of male and female reproductive behavior?

8. Explain the role of testosterone on male sexual behavior and the neural network controlling the behavior.

9. Explain the mode of action of Viagra on sexual dysfunction in males.

10. Explain the role of estradiol and progesterone on female sexual behavior.

11. Explain the neural networks controlling female sexual receptivity.

12. Explain the social modulation of reproductive behavior, mention different types of social modulation of reproductive behavior in mice.

Study Guide for Final Exam.

1. Understand all major neuroendocrine axes

2. Understand hormonal control of reproductive behaviors

3. Compare and contrast neural control of parental behavior in males and females in various species and animals.

4. Compare and contrast neural control of pair bonding in male and females.

5. Describe different types of reproductive strategies in different species.

6. Compare the neural networks controlling parental behavior and aggressive behavior.

7. Compare different types of aggressive behaviors in animals and humans.

8. Discuss the role of testosterone in aggression in animals and humans.

9. Explain the neural systems controlling aggression in animals and their interaction with steroid hormones.

10. Describe the neural, hormonal and autonomic systems controlling appetite

11. Explain their interaction with steroid hormones and reproduction

12. What is learned helplessness? Describe its hormonal characteristics, and neural triggers.

13. Explain the significance of the different types of corticosteroid receptors in the brain.

14. Explain the significance of individual differences in the various elements of the hormonal stress response.

15. What is adrenarche?

16. Explain the role of the suprachiasmatic nucleus for circadian and seasonal rhythms.

17. What is melatonin? Explain its role and neural control.

18. Explain the role of seasons in the control of reproductive behavior, appetite and metabolism.

19. Describe the hormonal phenotype of depression. How doe it relate to learned helplessness?