OUTLINE

I. Definitions

A. Learning: A durable change in behavior or knowledge due to experience

B. Memory: The means by which past experience is drawn on to guide or direct behavior or thoughts in the present.

What THEY aren't (things which influence performance separate from learning or memory): fatigue, attention, motivation, maturation.

II. Some Types of Learning

A. Classical (Pavlovian) Conditioning (involuntary responses)

1. Acquisition

2. Extinction

3. Spontaneous Recovery

4. Stimulus Generalization/Discrimination

5. Higher Order Conditioning

B. Operant (Skinnerian) Conditioning (voluntary responses)

1. Reinforcement vs. Omission/Punishment

2. Schedules of Reinforcement

Fixed vs. Variable; Response vs. Interval

3. Comparison of processes Classical vs. Operant

C. Observational Learning

Bobo Doll

III. Memory Processes (Big Picture)

A. Encoding

1. Attention

2. Depth of Processing

3. Elaboration

4. Imagery

B. Storage

1. Sensory Memory

2. Short Term Memory/Working Memory

Limited time, capacity

3. Long Term Memory

1. Flashbulb Memories

2.(Serial Position Effect) Primacy vs. Recency

C. Retrieval

1. Reinstating Context (cues/reminders)

2. Reconstruction (misinformation effect)

IV. Forgetting

A. Ineffective Encoding

B. Decay

C. Interference (retroactive vs. proactive)

D. Retrieval Failure

E. Motivated Forgetting ?

VI. Learning & Memory (The Biology)

A. The Limbic System

Hippocampus, Amygdala & Friends

B. The Frontal Cortex/Basal Ganglia Circuit

Loop the loop.

C. Long-Term Potentiation

AMPA, NMDA and calcium

D. Multiple Memory Systems

More than one way to cut a pie

E. Memory Modulation

1. A little Stress isn't always a bad thing.

2. Volume Control & say hello to some old friends.

Learning & Memory Transparencies

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