Study Guide for the Final Exam
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1. Compare short-term, sensory and long-term memory |
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2. Explain processes of transfer of short-term memory into long-term memory. |
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3. Compare maintenance rehearsal and elaborative rehearsal, shallow processing and deep processing, automatic and effortful processing. Cite examples of each type. |
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4. Compare retroactive and proactive interference |
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5. Explain remembering as a creative process |
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6. Which parts of the brain are involved in memory formation and retrieval |
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7. Compare the consequences of lesions of the hippocampus and the striatum on types of memory. |
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8. Compare implicit and explicit memories, episodic and semantic memories. Cite examples. |
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9. How would you test implicit and explicit memories in a rat? |
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10. Explain components of triarchic theory of intelligence. Cite examples. |
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11. Which forms of intelligence are most and least likely to be tested in IQ tests? |
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12. Explain mechanisms of motivation. |
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13. Define perseverance, learned helplessness, pyramid of needs. |
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14. Explain mechanisms responsible for starting and stopping a meal. |
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15. Define leptin, ghrelin, anorexia |
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16. How would you explain obesity in individuals with elevated blood levels of leptin? |
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17. Compare organizational and activational effects of sex hormones. |
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18. Predict the sexual phenotype of an individual with no functional androgen receptors. |
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19. Explain the neural mechanisms of sexual satiety. |
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20. Explain and compare the components of the stress response. |
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21. How does cortisol affect the immune system? Compare effects of acute and chronic stress. |
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22. Explain the role of personality in stress responses. |
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23. Compare different forms of coping, including emotion-focused and problem-focused coping. |
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24. A hamster with a complete lesion of the suprachiasmatic nucleus is placed in a cage equipped with a wheel wired to a computer to record activity throughout the day. How would the activity of this hamster look like if the cage is kept in complete darkness? |
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25. What is the function of hypocretin/orexin? |
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26. Explain the stages of sleep. Explain and illustrate various REM and slow wave sleep disorders. |
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27. How would you design an experiment to test selective attention? |
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28. Explain changes related perceptual development (such as pattern recognition and depth recognition) during infancy.
29. Piaget. What did he do? How did Piaget develop theories on cognitive development of children?
30. Compare assimilation and accommodation.
31. Identify and characterize the different periods of cognitive development of children.
32. A young boy is sitting in front of two similarly shaped glasses each containing an equal volume of water. Then, you transfer the content of one glass into a taller and narrower glass. Then after being asked which glass contains the most water, the boy answers that both glasses contain similar volumes of water. At what age does a kid normally become capable of giving such answer?
33. What is the basis for Piaget’s classification of 4 periods of cognitive development?
34. What behaviors performed by infants foster attachment?
35. Explain the various types of infant-mother attachment and their possible consequences on future social interactions. How can we test that?
36. Explain different types of parents (authoritarian, authoritative, and permissive) and the possible consequences on future behavior of children.
37. How do authoritarian and authoritative parents deal with a difficult kid?
38. Alzheimer’s disease is marked by severe degeneration of the _____
a. amygdala
b. adrenal cortex
c. nucleus accumbens
d. hippocampus
39. Your roommate is talking to you about her grandfather who is suffering from a progressive loss of memory and other mental functions.
a. His condition could be characteristic of learned helplessness
b. His condition could be characteristic of homeostasis
c. His condition could be characteristic of Alzheimer’s disease
d. His condition could be characteristic of anorexia nervosa
40. What do psychologists think about the "Midlife Crisis"?
41. Which of the following is not involved in motivation?
a. biological need
b. reward
c. attachment
d. punishment
42. Explain the relationship between stress and health. Why would different personality types be associated with different health outcomes?
43. How could you create a psychopath?