(Note: This list
was updated in April, 2013. Please send any new or overlooked published
references to Pennebaker@mail.utexas.edu)
Alpers, G. W., Winzelberg,
A. J., Classen, C., Dev, P., Koopman,
C., Roberts, H., et al. (2005). Evaluation of computerized text anaylsis in an Internet breast cancer support group. Computers in Human Behavior, 21,
343-358.
Ames, S. C.,
Patten, C. A., Offord, K. P., Pennebaker,
J. W., Croghan, I. T., Tri, D. M., Stevens, S. R.,
& Hurt, R. D. (2005). Expressive writing intervention for young adult
cigarette smokers. Journal of
Clinical Psychology, 61, 1555-1570
Ames, S.C.,
Patten, C.A., Werch, C.E., Echols, J.D., Schroeder,
D.R., Stevens, S.R., Pennebaker, J.W., & Hurt,
R.D. (in press). Expressive writing as a nicotine dependence treatment adjunct
for young adult smokers. Nicotine
& Tobacco Research.
Arigo, D., & Smyth, J. M. (2012). The benefits of
expressive writing on sleep difficulty and appearance concerns for college
women. Psychology
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Ashley, L., O'Connor, D. B., & Jones, F. (2011).
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Ashley,
L., O’Connor, D. B., & Jones, F. (2013). A randomized trial of written
emotional disclosure interventions in school teachers: Controlling for positive
expectancies and effects on health and job satisfaction. Psychology, health & medicine, (ahead-of-print), 1-13.
Averill,
A. J., Kasarskis, E. J., & Segerstrom,
S. C. (2013). Expressive disclosure to improve well-being in patients with
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A randomised,
controlled trial. Psychology
& health, (ahead-of-print), 1-13.
Baddeley, J. L., & Pennebaker, J. W. (2011). A postdeployment expressive writing intervention for military
couples: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of traumatic stress, 24(5), 581-585.
Baikie, K. A. (2008). Who does expressive
writing work for? Examination of alexithymia,
splitting, and repressive coping style as moderators of the expressive writing
paradigm. British Journal of Health
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Baikie, K. A., Geerligs, L., &
Wilhelm, K. (2012). Expressive writing and positive writing for participants
with mood disorders: An online randomized controlled trial. Journal of affective disorders, 136(3),
310-319.
Baikie, K.A., & Wilhelm, K.
(2005). Emotional and physical health benefits of expressive writing. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment, 11,
338-346.
Baker, J. R.,
& Moore, S. M. (2008). Blogging as a social tool: a psychological
examination of the effects of blogging. CyberPsychology &
Behavior, 11, 747-74
Barry, L. M.,
& Singer, G. H. S. (2001). Reducing maternal psychological distress after
the NICU experience through journal writing. Journal of Early Intervention, 24, 287-297.
Batten, S. V., Follette, V. M., & Palm, K. M. (2002). Physical and
psychological effects of written disclosure among sexual abuse survivors. Behavior Therapy, 33, 107-122.
Baum,
E. S., & Rude, S. S. (2013). Acceptance-Enhanced Expressive Writing
Prevents Symptoms in Participants with Low Initial Depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 37(1),
35-42.
Beckwith, K. M.,
Greenberg, M.A., & Gevirtz, R. (2005).
Autonomic effects of expressive writing in individuals with elevated blood
pressure. Journal of Health
Psychology, 10, 197-209.
Bernard, M.,
Jackson, C., & Jones, C. (2006). Written emotional disclosure
following first-episode psychosis: Effects on symptoms of post-traumatic stress
disorder. British Journal of
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Boals, A. (2012). The use of meaning making in expressive
writing: When meaning is beneficial. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 31(4),
393-409.
Boals, A., Banks, J. B., & Hayslip
Jr, B. (2012). A self-administered, mild form of
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Bolton, G., Howlett, S., Lago,
C., & Wright, J.K. (Eds.) (2004). Writing cures: An introductory
handbook of writing in counselling and therapy.New York: Brunner-Routledge.
Bond, M., & Pennebaker,
J. W. (2012). Automated computer-based feedback in expressive writing. Computers in Human Behavior, 28(3), 1014-1018.
Booth, R. J., & Davison, K. P. (2003). Relating to our worlds in a
psychobiological context: The impact of disclosure on self-generation and
immunity. In J. Wilce (Ed.), Social and Cultural Lives of Immune Systems (pp. 36-48). London and
New York: Routledge.
Booth, R.J.,
Petrie, K.J., & Pennebaker, J.W. (1997). Changes
in circulating lymphocyte numbers following emotional disclosure: Evidence of
buffering? Stress Medicine, 13,
23-29.
Bornstein, R. F. (2010). Gender schemas, gender roles,
and expressive writing: Toward a process-focused model. Sex roles, 63(3-4), 173-177.
Bower, J. E., Kemeny, M. E., Taylor, S. E., & Fahey, J. L. (2003).
Finding meaning and its association with natural killer cell cytotoxicity among participants in a bereavement-related
disclosure intervention. Annals of
Behavioral Medicine, 25, 146-155.
Brewin, C.R. & Lennard,
H. (1999). Effects of mode of writing on emotional narratives. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 12,
355-361.
Broderick, J. E., Junghaenel, D. U., & Schwartz, J. E. (2005). Written
emotional expression produces health benefits in fibromyalgia patients. Psychosomatic Medicine, 67, 326-334.
Broderick, J. E.,
Stone, A. A., Smyth, J. M., Kaell, A. T. (2004). The
feasibility and effectiveness of an expressive writing intervention for
rheumatoid arthritis via home-based videotaped instructions. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 27,
50-59.
Brown, E.J. & Heimberg, R.G. (2001). Effects of writing about rape:
Evaluating Pennebaker's paradigm with a severe
trauma. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 14,
781.
Burke, P. A.,
& Bradley, R. G. (2006). Language use in imagined dialogue and narrative
disclosures of trauma. Journal of
Traumatic Stress, 1, 141-146.
Burton, C. M.,
& King, L. A. (2008). Effects of (very) brief writing on health; The
two-minute miracle. British Journal of
Health Psychology, 13, 9-14.
Burton, C. M.,
& King. L. A. (2004). The health benefits of writing about intensely
positive experiences. Journal of Research
in Personality, 38, 150-163.
Cameron, L. D.,
& Nicholls, G. (1998). Expression of stressful experiences through writing:
Effects of a self-regulation manipulation for pessimists and optimists. Health Psychology, 17, 84-92.
Campbell, R.S.
& Pennebaker, J.W. (2003). The secret life
of pronouns: Flexibility in writing style and physical health. Psychological Science, 14, 60-65.
Carmack, C. L., Basen‐Engquist, K., Yuan, Y., Greisinger, A., Rodriguez‐Bigas, M., Wolff, R. A., ... & Pennebaker, J. W. (2011). Feasibility of an expressive‐disclosure group intervention for post‐treatment
colorectal cancer patients. Cancer, 117(21), 4993-5002.
Casey, C.Y.,
Greenberg, M.A., Nicassio, P.M., Harpin,
R.E., & Hubbard, D. (2007, in press). Transition from acute to
chronic pain and disability: A model including cognitive, affective, and trauma
factors. Pain
Chaudoir, S. R., & Fisher, J. D. (2010). The disclosure processes model:
Understanding disclosure decision making and postdisclosure
outcomes among people living with a concealable stigmatized identity. Psychological bulletin, 136(2), 236.
Cho,
S., Bernstein, K. S., Cho, S., & Roh, S. (2012).
Logo-autobiography and its effectiveness on depressed Korean immigrant women: A
replication study.Journal of Nursing Education and Practice, 3(6), p51.
Christensen A.J.,
Edwards D.L., Wiebe J.S., Benotsch
E.G., McKelvey L., Andrews M., Lubaroff
D.M. (1996). Effect of verbal self-disclosure on natural killer cell activity:
Moderating influence of cynical hostility. Psychosomatic
Medicine, 58, 150-155.
Christensen, A. J.
& Smith, T. W. (1993). Cynical hostility and cardiovascular reactivity
during self-disclosure. Psychosomatic
Medicine, 55, 193-202.
Chung, C.K., &
Pennebaker, J.W. (2008). Variations in spacing
of expressive writing sessions. British
Journal of Health Psychology, 13, 15-21.
Cohen, G.L.,
Garcia, J., Apfel, N., & Master, A. (2006).
Reducing the racial achievement gap: A social-psychological intervention.
Science, 313, 1307-1310.
Comprone, J. C., & Ronald, K. J. (2010). Expressive writing: Exercises in a
new progymnasmata. Journal of Teaching Writing, 4(1), 31-54.
Consedine, N. S., Krivoshekova,
Y. S., & Magai, C. (2012). Play It (Again) Sam
Linguistic Changes Predict Improved Mental and Physical Health Among Older
Adults. Journal of
Language and Social Psychology, 31(3), 240-262.
Cornoldi, C., Del Prete, F., Gallani,
A., Sella, F., & Re, A. M. (2010). Components
affecting expressive writing in typical and disabled writers.Advances in Learning and Behavioral Disabilities, 23, 269-286.
Corter, A., & Petrie, K. J. (2011). Expressive writing in patients
diagnosed with cancer. In Emotion Regulation and Well-Being (pp. 297-306). Springer New York.
Craft,
M. A., Davis, G. C., & Paulson, R. M. (2013). Expressive writing in early
breast cancer survivors. Journal of
Advanced Nursing, 69(2), 305-315.
Creswell, J.D.,
Lam, S., Stanton, A.L., Taylor, S.E., Bower, J.E., & Sherman, D.K. (2007).
Does Self-Affirmation, Cognitive Processing, or Discovery of Meaning Explain
Cancer-Related Health Benefits of Expressive Writing? Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 33, 238-250.
Culp, M. B., & Spann, S. (2010). The influence of
writing on reading. Journal of Teaching Writing, 4(2),
284-289.
Danoff-Burg, S., Mosher, C. E., Seawell, A. H.,
& Agee, J. D. (2010). Does narrative writing instruction enhance the
benefits of expressive writing?.Anxiety, Stress, &
Coping, 23(3), 341-352.
Davis, C. G.,
& McKearney, J. M. (2003). How do people grow
from their experience with trauma or loss? Journal
of Social and Clinical Psychology, 22, 477-492.
De Giacomo, P., L'Abate, L., Pennebaker, J. W.,
& Rumbaugh, D. (2010). Amplifications and applications
of Pennebaker's analogic to
digital model in health promotion, prevention, and psychotherapy. Clinical Psychology &
Psychotherapy, 17(5), 355-362.
De Moor, C.,
Sterner, J., Hall, M., Warneke, C., Gilani, Z., Amato, R., et al. (2002). A pilot study of the
effects of expressive writing on psychological and behavioral adjustment in
patients enrolled in a phase II trial of vaccine therapy for metastatic renal
cell carcinoma. Health Psychology, 21,
615-619.
Deacon,
B. J., Lickel, J. J., Possis,
E. A., Abramowitz, J. S., Mahaffey, B., & Wolitzky-Taylor,
K. (2012). Do Cognitive Reappraisal and Diaphragmatic Breathing Augment Interoceptive Exposure for Anxiety Sensitivity?. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 26(3),
257-269.
DeMarco, R. F., & Chan, K. (2013). The Sistah Powah Structured Writing
Intervention: A Feasibility Study for Aging, Low-Income, HIV-Positive Black
Women. American
Journal of Health Promotion.
Deters, P. B.,
& Range, L. M. (2003). Does writing reduce posttraumatic stress disorder
symptoms? Violence and Victims, 18,
569-580.
Dolev-Cohen, M., & Barak, A. (2012). Adolescents’ use of
Instant Messaging as a means of emotional relief. Computers in Human Behavior.
Donnelly, D. A.,
& Murray, E. J. (1991). Cognitive and emotional changes in written essays
and therapy interviews. Journal of Social
and Clinical Psychology, 10, 334-350.
Drake,
J. E., & Winner, E. (2012). How children use drawing to regulate their
emotions. Cognition
& Emotion, (ahead-of-print), 1-9.
Earnhardt, J. L.,
Martz, D. M., Ballard, M. E., & Curtin, L. (2002). A writing intervention
for negative body image: Pennebaker fails to surpass
the placebo. Journal of College Student
Psychotherapy, 17, 19-35.
East, P., Startup, H., Roberts, C., & Schmidt, U.
(2010). Expressive writing and eating disorder features: A preliminary trial in
a student sample of the impact of three writing tasks on eating disorder
symptoms and associated cognitive, affective and interpersonal factors. European Eating Disorders Review, 18(3), 180-196.
Ellis, D. & Cromby, J. (2009) Inhibition and reappraisal within
emotional disclosure: the embodying of narration. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 22, 319-331.
Epstein, E.M.,
Sloan, D.M., & Marx, B.P. (2005). Getting to the heart of the matter:
Written disclosure, gender, and heart rate. Psychosomatic Medicine, 67, 413-419
Esterling, B. A., Antoni,
M. H., Fletcher, M. A., Margulies, S., & Schneiderman,
N. (1994). Emotional disclosure through writing or speaking modulates latent
Epstein-Barr virus antibody titers. Journal
of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 62, 130-140.
Facchin, F., Margola,
D., Molgora, S., & Revenson,
T. A. (2013). Effects of Benefit‐Focused Versus Standard Expressive Writing on Adolescents'
Self‐Concept During the
High School Transition. Journal of
Research on Adolescence.
Fernandez, I., Paez, D., & Pennebaker, J.W.
(2009). Comparison of expressive writing
after the terrorist attacks of September 11th and March 11th. International Journal
of Clinical and Health Psychology, 9, 89-103.
Fivush, R., Marin, K., Crawford, M.,
Reynolds, M., & Brewin, C.R. (2007).
Children’s narratives and well-being. Cognition
and Emotion, 21, 1414-1434.
Floyd, K., Mikkelson, A.C., Hesse, C., &
Pauley, P.M. (2007). Affectionate writing reduces total cholesterol: Two
randomized controlled trials. Human
Communication Research, 33, 119-142.
Francis, M.E.
& Pennebaker, J.W. (1992). Putting stress into
words: Writing about personal upheavals and health. American Journal of Health Promotion, 6, 280-287.
Frattaroli, J. (2006). Experimental
disclosure and its moderators: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 132,
823-865.
Frattaroli, J., Thomas, M., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2011). Opening up in the classroom: Effects of expressive writing
on graduate school entrance exam performance. Emotion, 11,
Frayne, A., &
Wade, T.D. (2006). A comparison of written emotional expression and planning
with respect to bulimic symptoms and associated psychopathology. European
Eating Disorders Review, 14, 329-340.
Freyd, J.J., Klest,
B., & Allard, C.B. (2005). Betrayal trauma: Relationship to physical
health, psychological distress, and a written disclosure intervention. Journal of Trauma & Dissociation, 6,
83-104.
Frisina, P.G., Borod,
J.C., & Lepore, S.J. (2004). A
meta-analysis of the effects of written emotional disclosure on the health
outcomes of clinical populations. Journal
of Nervous and Mental Disease, 192, 629-634.
Furnes, B., & Dysvik, E. (2010). A systematic
writing program as a tool in the grief process: part 1. Patient preference and adherence, 4, 425.
Gallagher, P.,
& MacLachlan, M. (2002). Evaluating a written
emotional disclosure homework intervention for lower-limb amputees. Archives of Physical and Medical
Rehabilitation, 83, 1464-1466.
Gallant, M. D.,
& Lafreniere, K. D. (2003). Effects of an
emotional disclosure writing task on the physical and psychological functioning
of children of alcoholics. Alcoholism
Treatment Quarterly, 21, 55-66.
Gamber, A. M., Lane-Loney, S.,
& Levine, M. P. (2013). Effects and Linguistic Analysis of Written
Traumatic Emotional Disclosure in an Eating-Disordered Population. The Permanente Journal, 17(1), 16.
Gellaitry, G., Peters, K., Bloomfield, D., & Horne, R. (2010). Narrowing the
gap: The effects of an expressive writing intervention on perceptions of actual
and ideal emotional support in women who have completed treatment for early
stage breast cancer. Psycho‐Oncology, 19(1), 77-84.
Gidron, Y., Duncan, E., Lazar, A., Biderman, A., Tandeter, H., &
Shvartzman, P. (2002). Effects of guided disclosure
of stressful experiences on clinic visits and symptoms in frequent clinic attenders. Family
Practice, 19, 161-166.
Gidron, Y., Gal, R., Freedman, S., Twiser, I., Lauden, A., Snir, Y., & Benjamin, J. (2001). Translating research
findings to PTSD prevention: Results of a randomized-controlled pilot study, Journal of Traumatic Stress, 14,
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Gidron, Y., Peri,
T., Connolly, J. F., & Shalev, A. Y. (1996).
Written disclosure in posttraumatic stress disorder: Is it beneficial for the
patient? Journal of Nervous & Mental
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Gillam, T. (2010). The therapeutic value of writing. British Journal of Wellbeing• Vol, 1(6), 27.
Gillis, M.E.,
Lumley, M.A., Mosley-Williams, A., Leisen, J.C.C.,
& Roehrs, T. (in press). The health
effects of at-home written emotional disclosure in fibromyalgia: A randomized
trial. Annals of Behavioral
Medicine.
Gortner, E., Rude, S., & Pennebaker, J.W. (2006). Benefits of expressive
writing in lowering rumination and depressive symptoms. Behavior Therapy, 37, 292-303
Graybeal, A., Seagal,
J. D., & Pennebaker, J. W. (2002). The role of
story-making in disclosure writing: The psychometrics of narrative. Psychology and Health, 17, 571-581.
Greenberg, M. A.,
& Stone, A. A. (1992). Emotional disclosure about traumas and its relation
to health: Effects of previous disclosure and trauma severity. Journal of Personality and Social
Psychology, 63, 75-84.
Greenberg, M. A.,
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große Deters, F., & Mehl, M.
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Guinther, P. M., Segal, D. L., & Bogaards, J. A. (2003). Gender differences in emotional
processing among bereaved older adults. Journal
of Loss and Trauma, 8, 15-33.
Halpert, A., Rybin, D., & Doros,
G. (2010). Expressive writing is a promising therapeutic modality for the
management of IBS: A pilot study. The American journal of gastroenterology.
Hamilton-West,
K.E., & Quine, L. (2007). Effects of written
emotional disclosure on health outcomes in patients with ankylosin
spondylitis. Psychology and Health, 22, 637-657.
Harber, K.D., & Wenberg,
K.E. (2005). Emotional disclosure and closeness to offenders.
Personality and Social Psychology
Bulletin, 31, 734-746.
Harber, K.D., & Cohen, D. (2005). the
emotional broadcaster theory of social sharing. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 24, 382-400.
Harber, K.D., Einav-Cohen,
M., & Lang, F. (in press). They heard a cry: Psycho-social resources
moderate perception of others' distress. European Journal of Social Psychology.
Harris, A. H. S.
(2006). Does expressive writing reduce health care utilization? A meta-analysis
of randomized trials. Journal of
Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74, 243-252.
Harris, A. H. S., Thoresen, C. E., Humpheys, K.,
& Faul, J. (2005). Does Expressive Writing Affect
Asthma?: A Randomized Trial. Psychosomatic
Medicine, 67, 130-136.
Harvey, A.G. &
Farrel, C. (2003). The efficacy of the Pennebaker-like writing intervention for poor sleepers.
Behavioral Sleep Medicine, 1,
115-124.
Hemenover, S. H. (2003). The good, the bad,
and the healthy: Impacts of emotional disclosure of trauma on resilient
self-concept and psychological distress, Personality
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Henry, E. A., Schlegel, R. J., Talley, A. E., Molix, L. A., & Bettencourt, B. A. (2010, November).
The feasibility and effectiveness of expressive writing for rural and urban
breast cancer survivors. In oncology nursing forum (Vol. 37, No. 6, pp. 749-757). Oncology Nursing Society.
Hevey, D., Wilczkiewicz, E., &
Horgan, J. H. (2012). Type D moderates the effects of
expressive writing on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) following
myocardial infarction (MI). The Irish Journal of Psychology, 33(2-3), 107-114.
Hijazi, A. M., Tavakoli, S., Slavin-Spenny,
O. M., & Lumley, M. A. (2011). Targeting interventions: Moderators of the
effects of expressive writing and assertiveness training on the adjustment of
international university students.International Journal
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Hirai,
M., Skidmore, S. T., Clum, G. A., & Dolma, S. (2012). An Investigation of the Efficacy of
Online Expressive Writing for Trauma-Related Psychological Distress in Hispanic
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W.B., & Park, C. (2000). Assimilation of traumatic experiences and
physical-health outcomes: Cautions for the Pennebaker
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Horn, A.B., & Mehl, M.R. (2004). Expressives
Schreiben als Copingtechnik: Ein Überblick über den Stand der Forschung. Verhaltenstherapie, 14, 274-283.
Horn, A.B., Possel, P., & Hautzinger, M.
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M. S., Breen, E. C., & Irwin, M. R. (2013). Inflammatory Biomarkers and
Emotional Approach Coping in Men with Prostate Cancer. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity.
Hoyt, T., & Yeater, E. A.
(2011). The Effects of Negative Emotion and Expressive Writing on Posttraumatic
Stress Symptoms. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 30(6), 549-569.
Hsu, M. C., Schubiner, H., Stracks, J. S., & Clauw, D.
J. (2010). Sustained pain reduction through affective self-awareness in
fibromyalgia: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of general internal medicine, 25(10), 1064-1070.
Imrie, S., & Troop, N.A. (2012). A
pilot study on the effects and feasibility of compassion-focused expressive
writing in Day Hospice patients. Palliative and Supportive Care, doi:10.1017/S1478951512000181
Jacobson,
L. T., & Reid, R. (2012). Improving the writing performance of high school
students with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and writing
difficulties. Exceptionality, 20(4),
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Jensen‐Johansen, M. B., Christensen, S., Valdimarsdottir, H., Zakowski,
S., Jensen, A. B., Bovbjerg, D. H., & Zachariae, R. (2012). Effects of an expressive writing
intervention on cancer‐related distress in
Danish breast cancer survivors—results from a nationwide randomized clinical
trial. Psycho‐Oncology.
Johnston, O., Startup, H., Lavender, A., Godfrey, E.,
& Schmidt, U. (2010). Therapeutic writing as an intervention for symptoms
of Bulimia Nervosa: Effects and mechanism of change. International Journal of Eating
Disorders,43(5),
405-419.
Joseph, L.M.,
& Greenberg, M.A. (2001). The effects of a career transition program
on reemployment success in laid-off professionals. Consulting Psychology Journal, 53, 169-181.
Kalantari, M., Yule, W., Dyregrov,
A., Neshatdoost, H., & Ahmadi,
S. J. (2012). Efficacy of writing for recovery on traumatic grief symptoms of
Afghani refugee bereaved adolescents: a randomized control trial. OMEGA--Journal of Death and Dying, 65(2),
139-150.
Kaptein, A. A., Lyons, A. C., Pearson, A. S., van der Geest, S., Haan, J., Meulenberg, F., &
Smyth, J. M. (2012). Storying stories. Medical Education Development, 2(1), e7.
Kearns, M. C., Edwards, K. M., Calhoun, K. S., & Gidycz, C. A. (2010). Disclosure of sexual victimization:
The effects of Pennebaker's emotional disclosure
paradigm on physical and psychological distress. Journal of Trauma & Dissociation, 11(2), 193-209.
Kelley J.E.,
Lumley M.A., Leisen J.C. (1997). Health effects of
emotional disclosure in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Health Psychology, 16, 331-340.
Kellogg, R. T., Mertz, H. K., & Morgan, M. (2010).
Do gains in working memory capacity explain the written self-disclosure
effect?. Cognition and Emotion,24(1), 86-93.
Kelly, A. E., Klusas, J. A., von Weiss, R. T., & Kenny, C. (2001).
What is it about revealing secrets that is beneficial? Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27, 651-665.
Kelly,
R. E., Wood, A. M., Shearman, K., Phillips, S., & Mansell,
W. (2012). Encouraging acceptance of ambivalence using the expressive writing
paradigm. Psychology
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Kim, Y. (2008).
Effects of expressive writing among bilinguals: Exploring psychological
well-being and social behaviour. British Journal of Health Psychology, 13, 43-47.
King, L. A.
(2001). The health benefits of writing about life goals. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27, 798-807.
King, L. A. &
Miner, K. N. (2000). Writing about the perceived benefits of traumatic events:
Implications for physical health. Personality
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Kirk, B. A., Schutte, N. S.,
& Hine, D. W. (2011). The Effect of an Expressive‐Writing Intervention for Employees on Emotional Self‐Efficacy, Emotional Intelligence, Affect, and Workplace Incivility. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 41(1), 179-195.
Klapow, J.C., Schmidt, S.M., Taylor, L.A.,
Roller, P., Li, Q., Calhoun, J.W., Wallander, J.,
& Pennebaker, J.W. (2001). Symptom management in
older primary care patients: Feasibility of an experimental, written
self-disclosure protocol. Annals of
Internal Medicine, 134, 905-911.
Klein, K., & Boals, A. (2001). Expressive writing can increase working
memory capacity. Journal of Experimental
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Kliewer, W., Lepore, S. J., Farrell, A. D., Allison,
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