WARNING: The correct answers are NOT at the end of
this exam. You will have to figure out
the answers yourself.
1. In one of the experiments described in class, participants were paid either $1 or $20 to say that a boring experiment was interesting. Those who were paid only $1 later reported liking the experiment MORE than those paid $20. This can be explained in terms of:
B. Self-handicapping.
C. Self-serving biases.
D. Self-report biases.
2. According to the book, when does the presence of others enhance performance?
A. When no one feels personally responsible
B. When the task is complex
C. When the dominant response to the task is the correct response
D. All of the above
3. According to the book, which of the following is true of borderline personality disorder?
A. Many patients with borderline personality disorder have experienced abuse
B. Self-mutilation is a common symptom of borderline personality disorder
C. People with borderline personality disorder often do not have a strong sense of self
D. All of the above
5. Julie was afraid she would not do well in her job interview because she was not prepared, so the night before the interview she stayed out late and didn’t get much sleep. When the interview went poorly, Julie attributed this to the fact that she was tired rather than the fact that she was not prepared. This is an example of:
A. Cognitive dissonance
B. Conscientiousness
C. Self-handicapping
D. The self-serving bias
6. According to the book, what is the mere exposure effect?
A. The development of a phobia after a single exposure (e.g., fear of snakes or spiders)
B. The development of romantic love after a single exposure (i.e., “love at first sight”)
C. The tendency for people to prefer things they have been exposed to before.
D. The tendency for people to adopt their friends’ habits and expressions.
7. According to lecture, cults often try to attract members by getting them to commit to progressively more demanding things. First they invite them to dinner, then to a retreat, and gradually give them difficult tasks such as recruiting new members. This technique is known as:
A. Classical conditioning
B. Lowballing
C. That’s-not-all
D. Foot in the door
8. According to the book, which of the following behaviors is evidence of self-awareness?
A. The emotion of anger
B. The emotion of shame
C. The ability to recognize others
D. The ability to express preferences
9. According to
lecture, Multiple Personality Disorder:
A. Is a type of schizophrenia
B. Is more common among men
C. Usually does not manifest itself until adulthood
D. None of the above.
10. According to the book, in the elaboration likelihood model, the peripheral route to persuasion:
A. Involves evaluating the arguments being made using rational cognitive processes
B. Uses cues such as having an attractive person deliver the message
C. Leads to strong attitudes that last over time
D. All of the above
11. To determine whether another person’s behavior is due to internal or external causes, we use all of the following types of information EXCEPT:
A. Consensus information.
B. LOTSA information.
C. Consistency information
D. Distinctiveness information.
12. According to the book, reflected appraisals are:
A. How we believe other people see us
B. Attitudes that influence our behavior at an unconscious level.
C. Our evaluations of other people (i.e., whether we like them or not)
D. Our evaluation of our image in a mirror
13. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) is a manual published by the American Psychological Association, which is used to:
A. Explain the causes of psychological disorders.
B. Diagnose mental disorders.
C. Outline treatments for various personality disorders.
D. Assess the effectiveness of treatment programs.
14. According to the book, which of the following is true about aggression?
A. Men are more verbally aggressive than women
B. Men are more physically aggressive than women.
C. Lower levels of serotonin are associated with more aggressive behavior
D. Both B and C
15. According to lecture, social psychology focuses on ________ while personality psychology focuses on ________.
A. normal people; abnormal people
B. abnormal people; normal people
C. external causes of behavior; internal causes of behavior
D. internal causes of behavior; external causes of behavior
16. According to the book, how can prejudice be reduced?
A. There is no way to reduce prejudice
B. Simply increasing the amount of contact between two groups reduces prejudice
C. Bringing two groups together and having them compete against each other reduces prejudice
D. Bringing two groups together and having them work towards a superordinate goal reduces prejudice
17. According to the book, which of the following is true about autism?
A. Almost all autistics have some area of exceptional ability (“idiot savants”).
B. Autistics have problems with communication
C. Autistics are very attentive to the people around them
D. It is widely accepted that autism is caused by bad parenting
18. Jody and Donald are both lawyers. Jody’s life revolves around her job, her husband is also a lawyer and she encourages her children to go into law. Donald, on the other hand, has many hobbies outside of his job. According to the book, which of the following is true of Jody and Donald?
A. Donald will be better able to cope if he loses his job, than will Jody if she loses hers.
B. Jody will be better able to cope if she loses her job, than will Donald if he loses his.
C. Donald will be better liked by his friends than will Jody.
D. Jody will be better liked by her friends than will Donald.
19. According to the book, Sternberg’s triangular theory of love proposes that love is made up of what three components?
A. Thoughts, feelings, and behaviors
B. Romance, friendship, and sex
C. Proximity, similarity, and attraction
D. Passion, intimacy, and commitment
20. Which of the following statements regarding helping behavior is FALSE?
A. Women are more likely than men to offer help
to strangers in dangerous situations.
B. Men are more likely to help attractive women than unattractive women.
C. Women are equally likely to help men and women.
D. Women are more likely to be helped than men.
21. The study done by Rosenhan (1973) in which he and his colleagues checked in to psychiatric wards complaining of only one symptom disturbed the psychiatric field because:
A. The study demonstrated that individuals in psychiatric wards were physically and mentally abused.
B. It demonstrated that very few people are ever “cured” in a psychiatric ward.
C. It demonstrated that normal behavior can easily be interpreted as abnormal.
D. The study showed how easily someone who is normal can become insane.
22. In a video shown in class, candid camera staff members entered an elevator and faced the rear of the elevator. How did other people in the elevator react?
A. They continued facing the front of the elevator
B. They turned around and faced the rear of the elevator, like the candid camera staff
C. They looked around and then left the elevator
D. They asked the candid camera staff why they were facing the rear
23. According to the book, which of the following is NOT related to liking?
A. Distinctiveness (i.e., we like people who are different from ourselves)
B. Physical attractiveness (i.e., we like people who are physically attractive)
C. Proximity (i.e., we like people with whom we come into contact often)
D. Personal characteristics (i.e., we like people who have good qualities, such as honesty and kindness)
24. According to the book, people in collectivist cultures tend to have ______ self-construals, whereas people in individualistic cultures tend to have ______ self-construals.
A. self-evaluative; self-serving
B. self-serving; self-evaluative
C. interdependent; independent
D. independent; interdependent
25. In the Milgram experiment, approximately _____ percent of subjects followed directions by the experimenter to administer shocks of 450 volts to the “learner”; despite the fact that the “learner” was yelling and complaining of the pain, and the knobs had a label saying: WARNING: extreme danger.
A. 3%
B. 20%
C. 40%
D. 60%
26. According to the book, which of the following is a risk factor for depression?
A. Lack of exposure to daylight (e.g., short winter days)
B. Learned helplessness
C. Lack of close friends
D. All of the above
27. According to the book, mob behavior - such as fans rioting at sports events – is due in part to a phenomenon known as:
A. Deindividuation
B. Social comparison
C. Obedience
D. Retinal disparity
28. In the video shown in class, 38 people watched on as Kitty Genovese was stabbed to death yet none of them called the police. According to lecture, this phenomenon is called:
A. The foot-in-the-door effect
B. Bystander intervention
C. Modeling
D. Obedience
29. According to lecture, which of the following is true about obsessive-compulsive disorder?
A. It generally develops after the age of 25
B. It is more likely to occur if it runs in your family
C. It is more prominent in children born during the winter months
D. All of the above
30. According to lecture, which of the following is a common reason why bystanders do not intervene when someone needs help?
A. People do not feel personally responsible
B. People are afraid of self-handicapping
C. People rely on informational but not normative influence
D. Both A and C
31. Bipolar disorder is an example of a _______ disorder.
A. Anxiety
B. Mood
C. Conduct
D. Dissociative
32. All of the following are conditions that increase obedience EXCEPT:
A. The authority figure is nearby, physically close to you.
B. The victim is right in front of you; you can see the victim.
C. The authority has a lot of legitimacy (e.g., an advanced degree)
D. The institution has a lot of authority (e.g., a prestigious university)
33. According to the book, people with high self-esteem tend to make ______ social comparisons while people with low self-esteem tend to make ____ social comparisons.
A. upward; downward
B. downward; upward
C. many; few
D. few; many
34. According to the book, personality disorders are marked by:
A. Restless, inattentive, and impulsive behaviors
B. Deficits in social interaction, impaired communication, and restricted interests
C. Inflexible and maladaptive ways of interacting with the world
D. Alterations in thoughts, perceptions, or consciousness
35. Stuart is a student at UT, and believes that all Texas A & M students are alike. According to the book, this kind of belief is known as:
A. Downward social comparison
B. A self-fulfilling prophecy
C. The rivalry effect
D. The outgroup homogeneity effect
36. According to the book, the _______ model of psychopathology proposes that certain people are biologically predisposed to a mental disorder, and for these people, an environmental event can trigger mental illness.
A. Family systems model
B. Cognitive-behavioral model
C. Diathesis-stress model
D. Sociocultural model
37. According to the book, damage to the frontal lobes has what effect on self-awareness?
A. It increases self-awareness
B. It increases daydreaming and introspection
C. It impairs self-awareness
D. It has no effect on self-awareness
38. Joel repeatedly steals, lies, and drives recklessly. He does not seem to be afraid of punishment or concerned for his own safety or the safety of others. Of the following mental disorders, which one is most characteristic of Joel’s behavior?
A. Antisocial personality disorder
B. Depression
C. Phobia
D. Autism
39. According to the book, which of the following is an impression management strategy?
A. Ingratiation
B. Intimidation
C. Supplication
D. All of the above
41. According to the book, all of the following are true EXCEPT:
A. People prefer their mirror image to their photographic image.
B. People prefer unfamiliar environments to familiar ones.
C. People prefer their personal belongings over things they don’t own.
D. People prefer the letters of their own name to other letters.
42. In a class demonstration, we saw that people are more likely to say that their own behavior “depends on the situation” whereas they are less likely to say that their high school teacher’s behavior “depends on the situation.” This is an example of:
A. The fundamental attribution error
B. The self-serving bias
C. Obedience to authority
D. Self-handicapping
43. The “white-bear” class demonstration showed that when we try not think about things we are:
A. Very successful at controlling our thoughts
B. Semi-successful at controlling the thoughts of others
D. Not very successful at controlling other people’s thoughts
44. We tend to explain our own behavior in terms of external attributions, while explaining the behavior of others in terms of internal attributions. All of the following are possible explanations for this effect EXCEPT:
A. We observe our own behavior in many situations, so we can see how it varies.
B. We attribute unexpected surprising behavior to internal causes; however, our own behavior rarely surprises us.
C. We don’t see ourselves as objects; that is, our eyes are looking outward, not inward.
D. We want to reduce the discrepancy between our behaviors and our beliefs.
45. According to the book, having a “theory of the mind” is necessary in order to:
A. Perform complex cognitive tasks, such as physics problems
B. Infer other people’s thoughts and feelings
C. Use language to communicate
D. Avoid obsessions and compulsions