Psy 301 (Introduction to Psychology)
Fall 2004 FORM A
1. According to attribution theory, which of the following explanations would be an
internal cause for why John Kerry lost the election?
a) Bush campaigned more in the key states.
b) Kerry waited too late to start campaigning.
c) The anti-Kerry commercials were non-stop.
d) Bush is a stronger leader.
2. Which of the following statements about conformity is FALSE?
a) Social norms can be influential for as long as several generations.
b) Conformity is determined by group size up to a limit.
c) People who deviate from the group norm are often ostracized and rejected by the group.
d) Conformity tends to increase when there is a lack of uniformity in the group.
3. John goes to see a psychologist who believes that his disorder is due to poor
interactions with his parents and an unsupportive family environment growing up. This
psychologist is most likely a proponent of:
a) Family systems model
b) Sociocultural model
c) Cognitive-behavioral model
d) Diathesis-stress model
4. In class, an experiment by Festinger & Carlsmith was discussed in which participants
had to describe a boring task as interesting, and then were paid either $1 or $20. This
showed that:
a) People will change their attitudes when placed in a situation of cognitive dissonance.
b) People who were paid $20 found the experiment more enjoyable.
c) Ratings of enjoyment were independent of the amount of money participants received.
d) People are less likely to internalize commitments when they are made publicly and voluntarily.
5. Why is Milgram’s experiment on obedience and authority so famous?
a) It was the first experiment to use electric shock on participants.
b) It showed that ordinary people could do horrible things when instructed to do so by authority.
c) It demonstrated the need for strict social norms to prevent disobedience.
d) It was unethical to shock participants.
6. The video in class
about Jim Jones and the People’s
how ______ can be used.
a) Consensus information
b) Self-serving biases
c) The foot-in-the-door technique
d) The fundamental attribution error
7. According to the book, how can prejudice be reduced?
a) There is no way to reduce prejudice
b) Simply increasing the amount of contact between two groups reduces prejudice
c) Bringing two groups together and having them compete against each other
reduces prejudice
d) Bringing two groups together and having them work towards a superordinate
goal reduces prejudice
8. In class we saw a video of “Tony” who suffered from Multiple Personality Disorder
(MPD). According to the research described in the video:
a) Tony’s different personalities were characterized by different brain patterns and
physiological responses
b) Tony’s disorder was most likely caused by a lack of oxygen to the brain when he was born
c) If Tony had an identical twin, there would be a 50% probability that he would also have MPD
d) Tony is acting like a chameleon, adopting the personalities of those around him
9. In class, an experiment was discussed in which seminary students could stop to help a
person in need before heading over for an exam. This was used to demonstrate which
of the following reasons why people will not stop to help someone in need?
a) People don’t notice the situation.
b) People want to avoid conflict.
c) The costs of helping are high.
d) It may be unclear that help is actually needed.
10. A friend of yours
is from
culture and placing a lot of emphasis on his family’s values and opinions. He mostly
likely emphasizes which of the following types of self-concepts?
a) Personal self
b) Independent self
c) Cultural self
d) Collective self
11. According to the text, which of the following statements best describes autism?
a) Despite cognitive difficulties, some autistic children develop extreme talents in
other areas (i.e. “idiot savants”).
b) Autism is a result of cold and unresponsive parenting (i.e. “ice box mothers”).
c) Autism is characterized by inattentive and impulsive behavior.
d) Despite the biological basis of autism, autistic children have a lower rate of
neonatal complications.
12. We tend to explain our own behavior in terms of external attributions, while
explaining the behavior of others in terms of internal attributions. All of the following
are possible explanations for this effect EXCEPT:
a) We observe our own behavior in many situations, so we can see how it varies.
b) We attribute unexpected surprising behavior to internal causes; however, our
own behavior rarely surprises us.
c) We don’t see ourselves as objects; that is, our eyes are looking outward, not
inward.
d) We want to reduce the discrepancy between our behaviors and our beliefs.
13. The book mentions a study by Payne in which participants first saw a picture of
either a white or black face and then had to identify pictures as either a gun or a tool.
Which of the following best summarizes the results from this study?
a) Participants who were primed by a white face were more likely to mistake
tools for guns.
b) Participants who were primed by a black face were more likely to mistake
tools for guns.
c) The face priming had no effect on the identification of tools, but resulted in
different reaction times for identifying guns.
d) This study did not find support for the implicit racism theory.
14. Which of the following strategies is NOT mentioned by the book as a tool for
maintaining self-esteem?
a) Positive illusions
b) Self-evaluative maintenance
c) Social comparison
d) Self-serving bias
15. According to lecture, Multiple Personality Disorder:
a) Is a type of schizophrenia
b) Is more common among men
c) Results from inherited biological responses to dopamine
d) None of the above.
17. Stuart is a student at UT, and believes that all Texas A & M students are alike.
According to the book, this kind of belief is known as:
a) Downward social comparison
b) A self-fulfilling prophecy
c) The rivalry effect
d) The outgroup homogeneity effect
18. According to lecture, social psychology focuses on ________ whereas personality
psychology focuses on ________.
a) Normal people; abnormal people
b) Abnormal people; normal people
c) External causes of behavior; internal causes of behavior
d) Internal causes of behavior; external causes of behavior
20. According to the book, which of the following statements is true regarding the self?
a) It is a continuous experience across time and space.
b) It includes a representation of your personal experience and excludes thought processes.
c) It is intertwined with the experience of others.
d) The minimal self is a uniquely human capacity.
21. According to the book, which of the following is a risk factor for depression?
a) Lack of exposure to daylight (e.g., short winter days)
b) Learned helplessness
c) Lack of close friends
d) All of the above
22. Which of the following best describes the results of the “smoke” study described in
class?
a) Participants who were waiting alone were quicker to notice the smoke, but less likely to respond for help.
b) Participants who were waiting alone were slower to notice the smoke and less likely to respond for help.
c) Participants who were waiting alone were slower to notice the smoke, but more likely to respond for help.
d) Participants who were waiting alone were quicker to notice the smoke and more likely to respond for help.
23. According to lecture, which of the following is true about obsessive-compulsive
disorder?
a) It generally develops after the age of 25
b) It is more likely to occur if it runs in your family
c) It is more prominent in children born during the winter months
d) All of the above
24. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding attitudes?
a) Attitude is an observable aspect of human behavior.
b) Attitudes cannot be conditioned.
c) Some attitudes can be inherited.
d) Attitudes consist of one component – affect.
25. The Thatcher illusion refers to:
a) The ability to recognize faces of your own race better than faces of other races.
b) The ability to recognize faces of your own gender better than faces of other genders.
c) The fact that people tend to process inverted faces as individual components whereas faces right-side-up are processed as a whole.
d) A classic example of a task in which people with prosopagnosia show major deficits.
26. Your mother always calls you by your full name when she is angry at you and she
always changes the tone and pitch of her voice so that you know when she is
really angry. In these situations, your mother is using which of the following to
communicate her emotions with you?
a) Gait
b) Illustrators
c) Paralanguage
d) Emotional judgments
27. Kurt has dramatic mood swings, a need for dependent relationships (although they are
often very unstable), an uncontrollable temper, and is very impulsive. He most likely
has:
a) Obsessive-compulsive disorder
b) Schizophrenia
c) Bipolar disorder
d) Borderline personality disorder
28. Often on group projects, one person ends up taking on most of the workload while
the rest of the group watches. This phenomenon is called:
a) Group decision making
b) Deindividuation
c) Social loafing
d) Group sharing
29. Bipolar disorder is an example of a _______ disorder.
a) Anxiety
b) Mood
c) Conduct
d) Dissociative
30. Which of the following best summarizes Milgram’s study on obedience and
authority?
a) Participants would stop shocking the participants at a minimum level of voltage.
b) Participants would refuse to continue the experiment even when they were told to continue by the experimenter.
c) Authority seems to have little influence on the obedience of others.
d) Authority seems to have a strong influence on the obedience of others.
31. Which of the following statements about the self-schema is FALSE?
a) It is the cognitive aspect of one’s self-concept.
b) It represents all knowledge about oneself.
c) It leads to enhanced memory for information that is processed in a self-referential manner.
d) The medial frontal lobes are important for processing of the self-schema.
32. In class, a study by Ross et al. was described in which participants were randomly
assigned to be either “questioners”, “contestants” or “observers” and then played a
trivia game similar to Jeopardy. The results of this study showed that:
a) Participants are likely to show the actor-observer effect even when given clues to the external causes.
b) People who were contestants were more likely to show the fundamental attribution error.
c) Self-serving biases led people to make incorrect judgments.
d) Participants made the fundamental attribution error because they failed to account for the situational factors in the study.
33. Which of the following ideas about aggression states that any situation which causes
negative affect can lead to aggression?
a) Stimulation-affect hypothesis
b) Frustration-aggression hypothesis
c) Cognitive-neoassociationistic model
d) Kluver-Bucy model
34. A friend of yours complains about having these “fits” of terror and anxiety. She says
that her heart begins to race and she feels very overwhelmed. She most likely has:
a) Phobic disorder
b) Generalized anxiety disorder
c) Panic disorder
d) Obsessive-compulsive disorder
35. According to the “what is beautiful is good stereotype”, which of the following is
NOT true of attractive people (as opposed to unattractive people)?
a) They receive lighter sentences when convicted of crimes
b) They are judged as being more intelligent.
c) They get paid more for doing the same work.
d) They are more likely to offer help to strangers.
37. Which of the following statements about schizophrenia is FALSE?
a) Negative symptoms persist even when the person is given medication.
b) Paranoid type schizophrenia is characterized by odd motor movements and
behavior.
c) Schizophrenia has a moderate genetic component.
d) Living in a city increases the risk of developing schizophrenia.
38. In the video shown in class, 38 people watched on as Kitty Genovese was stabbed to
death yet none of them called the police. According to lecture, this behavior could be
explained by which of the following:
a) Diffusion of responsibility
b) People at the scene were conforming to the behavior of others.
c) It was most likely an unusual sample of people who were less sympathetic than others because of the harsh neighborhood in which they lived.
d) The people at the scene were probably experiencing cognitive dissonance.
39. According to the book, Sternberg’s triangular theory of love proposes that love is
made up of which three components?
a) Thoughts, feelings, and behaviors
b) Romance, friendship, and sex
c) Proximity, similarity, and attraction
d) Passion, intimacy, and commitment
40. The study done by Rosenhan (1973) in which he and his colleagues checked in to
psychiatric wards complaining of only one symptom disturbed the psychiatric field
because:
a) The study demonstrated that individuals in psychiatric wards were physically
and mentally abused.
b) It demonstrated that very few people are ever “cured” in a psychiatric ward.
c) It demonstrated that normal behavior can easily be interpreted as abnormal.
d) The study showed how easily someone who is normal can become insane.
41. All of the following are conditions that increase obedience EXCEPT:
a) The authority figure is nearby, physically close to you.
b) The victim is right in front of you; you can see the victim.
c) The authority has a lot of legitimacy (e.g., an advanced degree).
d) The institution has a lot of authority (e.g., a prestigious university).
42. Dr. Gosling described a study in which some people were asked to put a small “drive
safely” sign in their windows and then were later asked to display a large billboard on
their lawn. This study showed that:
a) People who did not put up the small sign originally were more willing to put up the large billboard.
b) Putting up the small sign had no effects on people’s willingness to put up the large billboard.
c) The foot-in-the-door technique helps to increase people’s willingness to agree to some absurd or otherwise ridiculous idea.
d) Self-serving biases can lead people to be more willing to perform certain easy tasks (i.e. small sign), but not more difficult ones (i.e. large billboard).
43. With respect to schizophrenia, auditory hallucinations are examples of ______
symptoms, and slowed motor behavior is an example of ______ symptoms.
a) Negative; positive
b) Negative; Paranoid
c) Paranoid; negative
d) Positive; negative
44. The idea that self-esteem serves to protect people from thoughts of mortality is
associated with which of the following theories of the self?
a) Sociometer theory
b) Positive regard theory
c) Avoidance theory
d) Terror management theory
45. Whenever your friend wins a tennis match, she tells you what a skilled player she is;
however, whenever she loses a match, she complains about the weather conditions or
how the official was unfair. This is an example of:
a) Fundamental attribution error
b) Actor-observer effect
c) Self-serving bias
d) Self-handicapping
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question |
exam5 |
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1 |
d |
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2 |
d |
|
3 |
a |
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4 |
a |
|
5 |
b |
|
6 |
c |
|
7 |
d |
|
8 |
a |
|
9 |
c |
|
10 |
d |
|
11 |
a |
|
12 |
d |
|
13 |
b |
|
14 |
a |
|
15 |
d |
|
16 |
c |
|
17 |
d |
|
18 |
c |
|
19 |
a |
|
20 |
a |
|
21 |
d |
|
22 |
d |
|
23 |
b |
|
24 |
c |
|
25 |
c |
|
26 |
c |
|
27 |
d |
|
28 |
c |
|
29 |
b |
|
30 |
d |
|
31 |
b |
|
32 |
d |
|
33 |
c |
|
34 |
c |
|
35 |
d |
|
36 |
a |
|
37 |
b |
|
38 |
a |
|
39 |
d |
|
40 |
c |
|
41 |
b |
|
42 |
c |
|
43 |
d |
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44 |
d |
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45 |
c |