Psy 301 (Introduction to Psychology)
Fall 2004 FORM A
1. Julie’s dog is constantly creating a mess in her house. This makes her angry, so she decides to avoid going home in order to avoid dealing with the dog. According to the book, this is an example of:
A. Hardiness.
B. Cognitive framing.
C. Problem-focused coping.
D. Emotion-focused coping.
2. According to the book, the smallest unit of speech that has meaning is called a ____.
A. Vowel
B. Syntax
C. Morpheme
D. Word
3. According to the James-Lange theory of emotions, what is the sequence of events when someone feels an emotion?
A. Perceive the stimulus, feel the emotion, body responds physiologically
B. Perceive the stimulus, the emotional feeling and physiological response occur
simultaneously
C. Perceive the stimulus, body responds physiologically, feel the emotion
D. The order varies depending on the person and the emotion being experienced.
4. According to the book, which of the following supports the theory that there is a sensitive period for learning language?
A. It is difficult to learn a second language as an adult.
B. People who were not exposed to language as children never develop full language
skills.
C. Sign languages have the same kinds of grammatical rules as spoken languages.
D. Both A and B
5. According to the book, _______ intelligence is best measured using items that either no one or everyone has experience before.
A. Fluid
B. Crystallized
C. Kinesthetic
D. Spatial
6. According to the book, research on cross-cultural expressions of emotions shows that:
A. People across different cultures ascribe the same emotional meaning to facial
expressions, but only because they have been exposed to each other’s cultures.
B. People across different cultures ascribe the same emotional meaning to facial
expressions, even when they have had almost no contact with other cultures.
C. People across different cultures do not ascribe the same emotional meaning to facial
expressions.
D. People across different cultures do not experience any of the same emotions.
7. According to the book, the two dimensions that characterize emotions in the circumplex model of emotions are:
A. Activation (vs. Deactivation) & Pleasant (vs. Unpleasant)
B. Activation (vs. Deactivation) & Long-lasting (vs. Temporary)
C. Physiological (vs. Psychological) & Pleasant (vs. Unpleasant)
D. Physiological (vs. Psychological) & Long-lasting (vs. Temporary)
8. According to lecture, Steele’s experiment on stereotype threat demonstrated that:
A. Intelligence tests should be administered using nonverbal procedures.
B. Economic, social, and educational conditions influence IQ scores.
C. People who stereotype others are less intelligent than people who don’t use
stereotypes.
D. People’s fear of confirming negative stereotypes about their group may lead them to
perform worse on intelligence tests.
9. According to the book, in what way are emotions adaptive?
A. Emotions prepare and guide motivated behavior.
B. Emotions lead to facial expressions which help us predict people’s reactions.
C. More emotional people have been shown to live longer.
D. Both A and B.
10. In lecture we discussed a study using children and marshmallows to see which children would resist eating the first marshmallow in order to receive a second and which children would eat the first marshmallow immediately. This study was designed to examine:
A. Emotional intelligence
B. Sternberg’s creative intelligence
C. Gardner’s social intelligence
D. The validity of IQ tests
11. According to the book, all of the following gender differences have been found EXCEPT:
A. Women and men use different facial expressions to express the same emotions.
B. Women display more intense emotions than men.
C. Women express their emotions more frequently than men.
D. In Western cultures, women tend to be better at articulating their emotions than men.
12. According to the book, all of the following are ways in which emotions strengthen interpersonal relations EXCEPT:
A. Jealousy can spark passion and commitment.
B. Fear can spark trust and devotion.
C. Guilt can keep people from doing things that would hurt those they care about.
D. Embarrassment rectifies interpersonal awkwardness.
13. A friend of yours suggests that he is more intelligent than you because he has a bigger head. This claim supports which of the following views of intelligence?
A. Theory of multiple intelligences
B. Triarchic theory
C. Phrenology
D. Craniometry
14. According to the book, which of the following is an example of a secondary emotion?
A. Anger
B. Sadness
C. Anticipation
D. Happiness
15. Sally wins an Olympic silver-medal in diving. As she is standing on the podium, she thinks about how close she came to winning the gold, and imagines how much better that would have felt. According to the book, what is Sally doing?
A. Suppressing unwanted thoughts
B. Engaging in counterfactual thinking
C. Using humor to regulate negative emotions
D. Misattributing her arousal
16. According to the book, which of the following is an assumption of most definitions of intelligence?
A. Humans have a range of abilities.
B. Intelligence has to do with how quick someone’s reflexes are.
C. Intelligence can be divided into cognitive, behavioral, and affective components.
D. Intelligence is not influenced by genes.
17. According to the book, which of the following is a way in which people can control and regulate their emotions before they happen?
A. Rumination
B. Thought suppression
C. Attentional deployment
D. Response modulation
18. According to the book, which of the following lends support to the view that intelligence is composed of different, independent capabilities?
A. People who have a high IQ also tend to be skilled in art and social skills.
B. Intelligence remains relatively stable over the life span.
C. People can be very skilled in some domains and very unskilled in others.
D. Intelligence is partly genetic.
19. Which of the following best represents Chomsky’s linguistic theory?
A. Social context is important to the development of language.
B. There is a critical period for the acquisition of language.
C. All babies are born with universal grammar elements.
D. Development of language is based on interactions with the environment.
20. According to the book, people who cannot develop a conditioned response to fear (e.g., don’t react with fear to a stimulus that is associated with an electric shock) probably have damage to what part of the brain?
A. The thalamus
B. The orbitofrontral cortex
C. The hippocampus
D. The amygdala
21. According to the book, greater activation of the right hemisphere is associated with ______, while greater activation of the left hemisphere is associated with _____.
A. Negative affect; positive affect
B. Positive affect; negative affect
C. Emotional expression; emotional experience
D. Emotional experience; emotional expression
22. Overall, research on the genetic vs. environmental influences on intelligence suggests that:
A. Genetic differences among different races are the primary cause of racial differences
in IQ scores.
B. Intelligence is influenced by genetic factors but not by environmental factors.
C. Intelligence is influenced by environmental factors but not by genetic factors.
D. Both environmental and genetic factors play an important role in intelligence.
23. If the chimp, Washoe (discussed in class), was able to communicate words and meanings, but failed to grasp the concept of sentence structure, this would show that Washoe had difficulty with which of the following aspects of language?
A. Morphology
B. Phonology
C. Semantics
D. Syntax
24. A poll of psychologists and non-psychologists was conducted on characteristics of intelligence. According to lecture, which of the following is NOT a characteristic found in this poll.
A. Verbal skills
B. Social competence
C. Musical ability
D. Practical problem-solving skills
25. According to the book, what happens during General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)?
A. After the alarm stage, the body’s resistance is decreased until exhaustion.
B. After the alarm stage, the body’s resistance is increased until exhaustion.
C. People react strongly at first to disgust elicitors, then adapt and react less strongly.
D. People don’t notice disgust elicitors at first, but become more sensitive after repeated
exposures.
26. Which of the following is a benefit of the classic view of intelligence (i.e., Binet’s view)?
A. Classic intelligence tests are a practical measure of intelligence (easy to administer).
B. Classic intelligence tests predict achievement in school.
C. Classic intelligence tests are very context-dependent (can be influenced by things like
culture).
D. Both A and B
27. According to lecture, the difference between being terrified and being afraid is that those emotions differ most on the dimension of:
A. Pleasantness
B. Intensity
C. Duration
D. Plasticity
28. Which of the following findings MOST STRONGLY supports the theory that disgust must be learned?
A. All people shy away from objects that could contaminate food, such as cockroaches.
B. Many people have an emotional reaction when viewing acts of violence.
C. Children under the age of four are not bothered by stimuli considered by adults to be
disgusting, such as the odor of sweat or feces.
D. Even non-human animals show disgust reactions.
29. According to research on Type A personalities, which of the following personality traits is a risk factor for heart disease?
A. Being too relaxed
B. Being too accommodative of others
C. Being too hostile towards others
D. Being too generous
30. Around ages 3 to 5, children begin making mistakes with language that they did not make before, such as saying “runned” and “holded” instead of “ran” and “held.” According to the book, this is because:
A. They have passed the sensitive learning stage for language.
B. They are trying to sound more adult.
C. They are overapplying grammar rules they have just learned.
D. They are just repeating what they have heard others say.
31. According to lecture, “sympathetic magic” refers to:
A. The phenomenon that sympathy from friends and family can shorten the duration of
negative emotions.
B. The idea that our sense of disgust can override our rationality.
C. The belief that when two objects come into contact, they acquire like properties.
D. All of the above.
32. According to lecture, which of the following best describes the current belief about the relationship between thought and language?
A. Thought is simply sub-vocal language.
B. Language appears to facilitate, but not control thinking.
C. Language and thought are two separate and independent processes.
D. Language is innate, but thought is due to experience.
33. According to lecture, disgust is:
A. Characterized by a facial expression with a wrinkled nose and gaping expression
B. Helpful in selecting and rejecting appropriate foods, thereby preventing food
poisoning
C. Used in psychology as a model for the acquisition of values.
D. All of the above
35. According to the video shown in class, the primatologist, Jane Goodall, suggested that the main difference between humans and animals is that:
A. Only humans can express complex emotions.
B. Only humans can recognize complex emotions.
C. Only humans have the ability to give meaning to arbitrary symbols.
D. Only humans have the ability to communicate through language.
36. In Dutton and Aaron’s experiment in which male subjects met a female experimenter either on a sturdy bridge or a rickety bridge, what did they find?
A. Subjects on the rickety bridge but not the sturdy bridge attributed their arousal to
physical attraction to the experimenter.
B. Subjects on the sturdy bridge but not the rickety bridge attributed their arousal to
physical attraction to the experimenter.
C. Subjects on the rickety bridge were more afraid of snakes.
D. Subjects on the sturdy bridge were more afraid of snakes.
37. According to the book, joint attentional engagement is a strategy in which:
A. A caregiver makes references to objects that the child is using or attending to.
B. Parents speak in a sing-song manner to babies.
C. Researchers attempt to teach sign language to chimpanzees.
D. Two people try to communicate without speech.
38. The Schacter-Singer experiment which was discussed in class led to which of the following conclusions?
A. Situational factors (i.e., where you are, what is occurring) are the only things that
determine the experience of an emotion.
B. Physiological arousal (i.e., heart rate, sweating) is the only thing that determines the
experience of an emotion.
C. Situational factors determine the emotion that is felt, while physiological arousal
determines the intensity of that emotion.
D. Physiological arousal determines the emotion that is felt, while situational factors
determine the intensity of that emotion.
39. According to supporters of ____________, someone who excels in verbal skills could be equally as intelligent as someone who excels in spatial abilities.
A. The theory of multiple intelligences
B. The Cannon-Bard theory
C. The theory of emotional intelligence
D. Craniometry
40. ________ is the use of arbitrary words to indicate meaning and ________ is the order in which words are used.
A. Syntax; semantics
B. Semantics; syntax
C. Syntax; phonology
D. Phonology; syntax
41. According to lecture, Susan Mineka’s experiment in which she exposed wild and lab-reared monkeys to snakes showed that:
A. All monkeys are naturally afraid of snakes.
B. Wild monkeys cannot learn to fear snakes, but lab-reared monkeys can.
C. Wild monkeys naturally fear snakes, and lab-reared monkeys can learn to fear snakes
if they see that wild monkeys do.
D. Lab-reared monkeys will always mimic what they see wild monkeys do.
42. The video shown in class about language acquisition in infants demonstrated that:
A. There appears to be a critical period for developing language.
B. All infants are born with the ability to distinguish the sounds of all languages.
C. Adults can learn to discriminate sounds of other languages with repeated exposure to
those sounds.
D. A and B
43. A 10-year old child with a mental age of 15 would have an IQ of ______.
A. 50
B. 100
C. 120
D. 150
44. According to lecture, Paul Ekman’s experiments in which he manipulated people’s facial expressions with step-by-step instructions showed that:
A. People’s facial expressions did not affect their mood.
B. People’s facial expressions affect their mood but not their bodily response.
C. People’s facial expressions affect their bodily response but not their mood.
D. People’s facial expressions affect both their mood and their bodily response.
45. According to lecture, all of the following are components of emotion EXCEPT:
A. Intentional
B. Physiological
C. Characteristic expression
D. Characteristic antecedents and consequences
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question |
exam3 |
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1 |
d |
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2 |
c |
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3 |
c |
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4 |
a |
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5 |
a |
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6 |
b |
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7 |
a |
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8 |
d |
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9 |
d |
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10 |
a |
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11 |
a |
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12 |
b |
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13 |
d |
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14 |
c |
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15 |
b |
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16 |
a |
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17 |
c |
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18 |
c |
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19 |
c |
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20 |
d |
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21 |
a |
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22 |
d |
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23 |
d |
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24 |
c |
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25 |
b |
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26 |
d |
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27 |
b |
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28 |
c |
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29 |
c |
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30 |
c |
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31 |
c |
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32 |
b |
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33 |
d |
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34 |
c |
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35 |
d |
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36 |
a |
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37 |
a |
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38 |
c |
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39 |
a |
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40 |
b |
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41 |
c |
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42 |
d |
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43 |
d |
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44 |
d |
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45 |
a |