Introductory Psychology (PSY301, 2:00-3:30pm) – Test 5

Thursday, December 6, 2007

Write your name and UTEID on both the ScanTron and on THIS test.  BUBBLE in your UTEID (in the identification section) and your form number (in the special codes section) on the ScanTron

____ 1. Pavlov, a behaviorist, would be most likely to subscribe to which approach to personality?

a.	Core approach
b.	Onion skin approach
c.	Forbidden thought approach
d.	Humanistic approach
e.	Cyrannic approach

____ 2. Cedric has just made the football team and is at his first practice. He notices that his teammates are wearing Nike cleats but he is not. According to the lecture discussion on conformity, he is much less likely to run out and buy the same pair of Nike cleats if:

a.	He thinks his teammates aren’t as good as he is.
b.	He bases his sense of personal identity on the team.
c.	There is at least one other person on the team who doesn’t wear Nike cleats.
d.	A few of his closest friends are also on the team.
e.	The members of their rival team also wear Nike cleats.

____ 3. One of your friends is describing a close acquaintance to you. Your friend spends a lot of time telling you what her acquaintance believes and how these beliefs affect her behavior. According to the textbook, from a theory of personality perspective she is acting most like a _____ theorist.

a.	trait
b.	positive psychology
c.	cognitive-social
d.	psychodynamic
e.	humanist

____ 4. A researcher is trying to understand why the vast majority of participants agreed to help a clearly ill person in a ”candid camera‘ style experiment. Based on lecture, what participant variable might BEST explain the unexpected results?

a.	Age
b.	Narcissism
c.	Neuroticism
d.	Gender
e.	Deindividuation

____ 5. According to the textbook, resilient individuals are able to recover from adversity quickly because they

a.	are less sensitive to external events.
b.	take a detached view of any situation they are in.
c.	deny the reality of the negative events.
d.	they are largely incapable of experiencing stress.
e.	experience positive emotions even under adverse conditions.

____ 6. During World War II, there were people involved in torturing and killing millions of victims in the Holocaust. Milgram conducted a series of experiments to demonstrate that:

a.	People who killed were depressed and had low self-esteem
b.	Most of the people who killed victims were in groups when they tortured the victims
c.	Most of the people who killed victims were always in the same room as the victims when the torture took place
d.	Most of the people who killed victims were psychopaths and laughed while torturing the victims
e.	Many people who killed victims probably experienced the powerful influence of obedience and diffusion of responsibility

____ 7. Two of your friends are quietly studying in a room. One is an introvert and the other is an extravert. As a funny joke, you come into the room and then slam the door very loudly, surprising them both. Who would show more physiological arousal to this event?

a.	the introvert
b.	They would both show the same level of arousal but the introvert would be more surprised.
c.	Neither will show arousal because they are both familiar with you.
d.	This personality dimension does not allow one to predict the outcome.
e.	the extrovert

____ 8. A student you know well has been dismissed from school for cheating on an exam. In describing him to your roommate you note that he has probably always been dishonest. This is an example of the

a.	stereotyping.
b.	just world hypothesis.
c.	situation bias in making attributions.
d.	self-serving bias.
e.	out-group effect.

____ 9. Some organizations haze potential members, forcing them to endure unpleasant episodes before they can join. Despite this poor treatment, these people often end up becoming extremely dedicated to and fond of the group. Which of the following best explains why hazing is effective?

a.	openness to experience
b.	social attractors
c.	the Werner-Katzburg law
d.	diffusion of responsibility
e.	cognitive dissonance

____ 10. If you asked a large number of people to compare themselves to others on a variety of skills you would find that

a.	women would tend to rate themselves below average and men above.
b.	almost everyone would rate himself or herself as below average
c.	almost everyone would rate himself or herself as above average.
d.	overall they would rate themselves as average.
e.	many high self-esteem people would actually rate themselves below average.

____ 11. In class, Dr. Gosling described an experiment where individuals’ personalities were measured and then were asked to explain the actions of extroverts and introverts at a party. What did the experiment find?

a.	Our own personality influences the degree to which we are sexually attracted to extroverts.
b.	Extroverts and introverts behave similarly.
c.	Situational influences only determine the behavior of groups.
d.	Our own personality influences the attributions we make about others.
e.	Situational influences determine personality explanations.

____ 12. Carey is an extraverted person and is really well-liked by his peers and admired by females for his dashing good looks. According to the lecture on social physics, what will most likely happen when he arrives at a party of one of his colleagues?

a.	He will wander around the party going from one conversation to another
b.	He will stand around the snacks, eat everything, and then burp loudly
c.	Everyone will stand far away from him and watch him from afar
d.	He will tend to stand in one place and others will come up to him to talk
e.	Because he is a social attractor, groups will tend to split up whenever he joins them (very similar to a social bomb)

____ 13. A thief breaks into a dorm and finds that the occupant’s music collection consists of mostly pop and country music. According to Dr. Gosling’s research, a reasonable conclusion is that:

a.	The occupant subscribes to the theory of evolution.
b.	The occupant is more likely to be neurotic.
c.	The occupant is more likely to be politically conservative.
d.	The occupant is an Athiest.
e.	The occupant is more likely to be politically liberal

____ 14. In a study, extremely homophobic men shown videos of homosexual sex responded with more physiological arousal than did less homophobic individuals. Your textbook suggests that this can be explained as an example of

a.	the id not being able to control the ego.
b.	high uncertainty regarding your sexual identity.
c.	gender identity
d.	fixation at an early stage of development.
e.	reaction formation.

____ 15. From an information processing perspective, social stereotypes

a.	reduce the likelihood of attributional biases.
b.	are the opposite of social schemas.
c.	allow us to process information at a deeper level.
d.	are mental shortcuts.
e.	are things that only prejudiced people believe in.

____ 16. The neurotransmitter serotonin has been implicated in aggressive behavior in nonhumans. What role does it play in humans?

a.	Low levels of serotonin are associated with high levels of aggression.
b.	None; its principal affect is on memory.
c.	Low levels decrease aggressive behavior but increase cooperative behavior.
d.	Fluctuating levels are associated with high levels of aggression.
e.	High levels increase aggression in males but have no effects on this behavior in females.

____ 17. In general, if we compare how well we are doing today with how well we did in the past we make

a.	downward comparisons.
b.	upward comparisons if female and lateral comparisons if male.
c.	upward comparisons.
d.	lateral comparisons.
e.	we are unable to compare the two.

____ 18. What is the relationship between our level of self-esteem and the outcomes we experience in life?

a.	weak
b.	strong
c.	moderate
d.	none
e.	very strong

____ 19. Imagine that you have just met the person who is going to be your roommate next year. On the basis of what psychologists know about judgments of personality, who would be the best source of information about this person?

a.	His or her sworn enemies.
b.	No one because such descriptions don’t predict behavior.
c.	His or her current close acquaintances.
d.	His or her parents.
e.	The future roommate because self-descriptions are the best predictors of behavior.

____ 20. The number of people in a group is the main mechanism behind which of the following theories?

a.	Deindividuation and kin selection
b.	Group instability and fundamental attribution error
c.	Fundamental attribution error and ingroup favoritism
d.	Group instability and diffusion of responsibility
e.	Ingroup favoritism and conformity

____ 21. Trait theories of personality differ from psychodynamic and humanistic approaches in that they

a.	generally have a more positive view of human nature.
b.	use binary traits, like extrovert or introvert, to categorize an individual.
c.	are less parallel to our intuitive views of personality.
d.	focus more on description than explanation.
e.	are less amenable to empirical investigation.

____ 22. Your parents think you should take more pre-med courses rather than the additional psychology courses you are interested in. Among the strategies below which should work best to bring them around to your view?

a.	Present the advantages associated with taking the psychology courses and say nothing about the pre-med ones.
b.	Point out that they are very old and don’t understand that the world has changed. The more ashamed they are, the more they will do whatever you say.
c.	Explain to them that all of your friends are taking the psychology courses.
d.	Present the pros and cons of taking the two types of courses and argue that the psychology choice is better.
e.	Use reverse psychology and present only the advantages of the pre-med courses.

____ 23. Given what you know about the factor analysis method that was used to derive the “Big Five” personality dimensions, which of the following is the most likely correlation between people’s personality scores on the neuroticism and conscientiousness dimensions?

a.	0.04
b.	1.17
c.	5.56
d.	-0.92
e.	0.83

____ 24. All of the following increase the likelihood of a person in need being helped EXCEPT:

a.	there are a large number of bystanders
b.	helping would be very easy
c.	the person is obviously in need of help
d.	the person in distress can be seen very easily
e.	there is a specific request for help

____ 25. Your roommate talks about his family a lot, does what his parents and teachers ask, and is worried about standing out in the crowd. What sort of culture was he probably raised in?

a.	collectivist
b.	multicultural
c.	homogeneous
d.	individualist
e.	dissonant

____ 26. Before seeing the video on Milgram’s obedience studies, most people assume that they would not administer electric shock to a man in pain and that anyone who would must be inherently evil. These assumptions are good examples of:

a.	negative attraction
b.	diffusion of responsibility
c.	the fundamental attribution error
d.	cognitive dissonance
e.	social loafing

____ 27. You stage a riot protesting environmental issues. Which of the following would BEST increase the rioters’ feelings of deindividuation, leading them to act unlike their normal selves?

a.	Videotape the event.
b.	Have the rioters sign a petition.
c.	Hold the event during the day in a very public location.
d.	Have the rioters wear matching shirts and hats.
e.	Have the rioters wear nametags with environmental symbols.