Answers at the End
of the Exam
Introductory Psychology (PSY301, Pennebaker 3:00) –
Test 1
Tuesday, September 19, 2006
1.
________ describes the beliefs,
customs, and values that are shared within a group of people who speak with a
common language and exist in a common environment, which is passed on from one
generation to another.
A.
Evolutionary
Theory
C.
Adaptations
D.
Natural Selection
E.
Behavior
2. Which of the following is true about the
“Mozart effect”?
A. Listening to Mozart can cure neurological
illnesses
B. Listening to Mozart clearly influence
intelligence in both babies and college students
C. Listening to Mozart appears to enhance only
certain motor skills and not overall intelligence
D. People
should believe the results of the first Mozart study and ignore more critical
responses to the original study
E. Results from
studies using college aged participants should be applied to infants that did
not participate in the study
3. How does the hypothalamus influence physical
growth?
A. By affecting the release of growth hormone
B. By activating calcium receptors in the bones
and tissues
C. By directing the reception of growth hormone
at the receptor sites
D. By overriding the action of the pituitary
gland
E.
The hypothalamus does not influence physical growth
4. You have
been having problems sleeping lately. You wake up repeatedly during the night
often feeling out of breath, and your room-mate has been complaining about your
snoring. You are most likely suffering from:
A. Insomnia
B. Night Terrors
C. Apnea
D. Narcolepsy
E. Overactive
imagination
5. Which of the
following statements is true regarding cell bodies:
A.
Dendrites always
receive signals from a single surrounding cell body
B.
Sodium and
calcium cause a cell body to fire
C.
Action potentials
sometimes fire at 50% power
D.
Dendrites receive
signals from other cells that can cause the cell body to fire an action
potential
E. Nerve cells,
unlike muscle cells, do not have nuclei
6. If. Dr.
Pennebaker wanted to study the influence of body image on self-esteem, then
body image would be his ________ and self-esteem would be his _______.
A. Independent variable…dependent variable
B. Independent variable…confound
C. Dependent variable…independent variable
D. Dependent variable…confound
E. Confound…
control
7. Al is a rat
placed in a Skinner box. Al has an
electrode that sends signals to his hypothalamus each time he presses a
lever. Which of the following best
describes the rate at which Al is likely to press the lever?
A. Al will press the lever continuously until he
passes out.
B. Al will
press the lever at a rate faster than he will finish a bowl of food that is
beside the lever.
C. Al will press the lever at a rate that
matches the rate of recovery from orgasm.
D. It depends on which area of the hypothalamus
is being stimulated.
E. It depends
on if the lever is placed at the tip of Al’s tongue or not.
8. Which if
the following is not true with regard to a correlational design?
A. It does not indicate causality
B. It indicates in which direction the
cause-effect relationship is moving
C. There could possibly be a third-party
variable influencing the relationship
D. Knowing the relationship between variables
allows researchers to make predictions
E. The variables being measured must be
operationally defined
9.
_____________ is to depression, as _____________ is to Parkinson’s
Disease.
A. Sadness, Schizophrenia
B. Curare, Norephinephrine
C. Serotonin, Dopamine
D. Peripheral nervous system, Central nervous
system
E. Epinephrine, Adrenaline
10. Which of the following is NOT true with
regards to dreams?
A. Everyone has them, even if they don’t remember
them
B. One theory about why we dream is that we do
it to consolidate our memories
C. There are methods that allow you to more
successfully remember your dreams
D. Freud believed that dreams were the window to
our unconscious
E. You will
only experience one dream during the course of a night
11. Which of
the following is NOT a measure of central tendency?
A. Median
B. Standard Deviation
C. Mode
D. Mean
E. Average
12. Clear
differences between males and females have been shown in the organization of
the hypothalamus. This difference is thought to be due to:
A. The varying levels of hormones during nervous
system development
B. The amount of hormones released by the
pituitary gland during puberty
C. The potency of testosterone released by the
male sperm
D. Males using their hypothalamus more often
than females
E. The X chromosome inhibiting testosterone
reuptake
13. Glutamates may be released by specialized
glial cells called astrocytes. The role of astrocytes in the nervous
system is
A. To
communicate to Star Control Command when our daily horoscopes are off
B. Restricted
to the production of myelin and the control of inhibitory neurotransmitters.
C. To control overproduction of GABA.
D. Not fully
understood, but known to support the polarization of neurons.
E. Known to affect mood and
memory
14. Which of
the following theories best supported the viewpoint that a perception of
objects is subjective (meaning that two people can look at the same object and
see different things)?
A. Gestalt Theory
B. Natural Selection
C. Dualism
D. Adaptive Theory
E. Stream of consciousness theory
15. What type of
study would investigate the relationship between height and income?
A. Descriptive
B. Correlational
C. Experimental
D. Observational
E. Superficial
16. Writing the correct
answers to this test requires:
A. Specialized myelin-to-myelin communication.
B. Somatosensory
neurons only.
C. Communication
between the brain and motor neurons only on a special circuit.
D. Telepathic
communication with Dr. Pennebaker
17. A beauty
contest judge rated all of the dogs in a dog show on a physical attractiveness
scale. In this contest, Robbie the
poodle received a z-score of 0 for physical attractiveness. What does this score tell us about Robbie’s
physical attractiveness?
A. Robbie has no good looks at all, relative to
all poodles.
B. Robbie’s score was not valid, and must be
rated again.
C. Robbie ranks
at the lowest possible percentile for attractiveness, relative to all dogs in
the dog show.
D. Robbie is
average in attractiveness, relative to all dogs in the dog show.
E. Robbie has
no physical flaws, and so he has a chance of winning the beauty contest portion
of the dog show.
18. After a
head injury, a child has difficulty keeping his balance and is noticeably less
coordinated. What portion of the brain
was most likely injured?
A.
The parietal lobe
B.
The brainstem
C.
The cerebellum
D.
The occipital
lobe
E.
The sympathetic
system
19. The concept
behind critical periods is that:
A. Everyone must have similar cultural
experiences to develop normally
B. Certain
levels of trace elements such as magnesium and thalimine need to be secreted
into the bloodstream during the critical first years of life in order for a
person to develop normally
C. A mother and child must be united immediately
after birth in order for them to bond
D. There are specific points in development when
the brain develops critical thinking abilities
E. Certain environmental experiences need to
happen during specific time windows in order for a person to develop normally
20. According to William James, what does a
stream of consciousness tell us about the mind?
A. Transitions
between thoughts are totally random
B. Thinking is
a form of serial processing
C. Ideas that
do not appear in stream of consciousness thinking are not worth thinking about
D. Unconscious
thoughts do not exist
E.
Consciousness does not exist
21. If your
hippocampus was severely damaged when you were 11 years old, you would most
likely suffer from what consequence?
A. You would be unable to produce vital hormones
that were housed in the hippocampus
B. You would be unable to store new memories but
would retain old memories
C. You would be unable to retrieve old memories
until after puberty
D. Your hormone levels would drop because the
pituitary gland is attached to the hippocampus
E. You would be well suited for a job as a
22. Which one
of the following methods would be most appropriate to use if Dr. Gosling was
interested in studying the effect of sleep deprivation on grades?
A.
A case study that
provides detailed information on all of the activities that a given student
performed the day before the test
B.
Randomly assign
undergrads into 3 groups: one that gets 4 hours of sleep every night, one that
gets 6 hours of sleep every night, and one that gets 9 hours of sleep every
night, and then monitor their grades throughout the semester
C.
Physiological
measurements, in order to understand the biological effects of lack of sleep
D.
Behavioral
observation, in order to observe the eating patterns of people who are sleep
deprived
E.
A longitudinal
study, because the only way to understand sleep deprivation is to study a group
of people over the course of a year
23. The
advantage to studying monozygotic twins is that:
A.
They are easy to
locate and track for research
B.
All of their
behaviors are identical
C.
They are treated
the same in their environment
D.
They have better
temperaments than dizygotic twins
E. They are
genetically identical
24. Which of the following is NOT true about
correlational data involving 2 variables?
A.
A positive
correlation is when one variable increases with another variable
B.
A negative
correlation is when one variable decreases with another variable
C.
A negative
correlation is when one variable increases, the other decreases
D.
Correlation
coefficients range from -1 to +1
E.
A correlation of
zero suggests there is no relationship between the two variables
25. Sam argues
that children are born able to read, while Jamie argues that children learn to
read through the influence of their parents reading to them. This is an example
of the following debate:
A. Mind-Body
B. Darwin-Descartes
C. Innate-Nature
D. Dualism-Individualism
E.
Nature-Nurture
26. In class,
students were asked to look passively at a picture of a necker cube. When just
sitting there and passively looking at the picture, it has been found that:
A.
Extraverts are
more likely see the cube flipping perspective more often than introverts
because extraverts are generally more active
B.
Introverts are
more likely to see the cube flip than extraverts because an introvert’s central
nervous system tends to be more active while they are sitting quietly
C.
Extraverts see
the cube flipping at faster rates because they tend to get bored sitting
quietly in comparison with introverts
D.
Introverts see
the cube flipping at slower rates lead such quiet lives
E.
The necker cube
has the ability to change perspectives on its own even when no one is looking
at it
27. In order
to study depression in teenagers, you hand out questionnaires at four of the
local high schools to students between the ages of 14-18 years. What step in
the research flowchart (described in the textbook) are you in?
A.
Formulate
hypothesis
B.
Design study
C.
Collect the data
D.
Analyze data
E. Disseminate
the results
28. Which of
the following is NOT part of the peripheral nervous system?
A. Sympathetic
B. Autonomic
D. Somatic
nervous system
E. Parasympathetic
29. Imagine you are at the end part of the chain
of activity on a production line. Your boss, who in his previous career was a
neuroscientist, comes up to you and calls you an antagonist; what would he be
implying?
A. That you interfere with production
B. That you speed production
C. That you take stuff out of the process that
is defective
D. That you sleep on the job, doing nothing
E. That if he were Luke Skywalker, you’d be
wearing black and breathing deeply
30. On any
given single night, what is the ironically similar effect between taking
sleeping pills and a night of sleep deprivation?
A. Both cause you to get less REM than with a
night of natural sleep.
B. Both cause you to feel better rested than
with a night of natural sleep.
C. Both lead you to consolidate
a greater number of memories than with a night of natural sleep.
D. Neither is ever studied by sleep researchers.
E. Both are
addictive.
31. What did
Dr. Pennebaker measure when he used a lie detector on a student?
A. Heart rate
B. Skin conductance
C. General sensory reactance
D. Stuttering
E. Body Posture
32. In a study,
Joe measures aggression from the number of times a person swears. This is an
example of:
A.
Random assignment
B. Operational definition
C.
Negative correlation
D.
Positive correlation
E. Negative reinforcement
33. A man was
in a car accident and injured his occipital lobe. He claims to be blind but if
you wave your hand in front of his eyes, he blinks. He can also guess with
surprising accuracy what you are holding in your hand even though he claims he
can’t see it. You would diagnose him with:
A. Epilepsy
B. A tumor of the hypothalamus
C. Occipito-ocular bimorphism syndrome
D. Blindsight
E. Phantom blindness
34. Circadian
rhythms can best be described as:
A. Biological
clocks controlling hormone levels, temperature and the
sleep cycle
B. The rise and
fall of the sun everyday
C. The ancient art of star
tracking, which is used today to predict sleep patterns
D. Special heartbeats that
trigger the heart to increase or decrease the flow of blood
E. Pheromones
released by a female to attract a male during mating season
35. You’re
dreaming that you are flying over
A. Insomnia
B. Sleep walking
C. Sleep paralysis
D. Sleep apnea
E. Sleep spindle
36. In class,
Dr. Pennebaker examined the heart rate (HR) of a student. What did he find
across most tasks?
A. The student’s HR increased when taking in
information from the environment
B. The student’s HR decreased when screening
information out from the environment
C. The student’s HR decreased when taking in
information from the environment
D. The student’s HR increased when it was
discovered he was lying
E. The
student’s HR stayed the same regardless of the task
37. According
to lecture, which of these is NOT primarily associated with the reptilian
brain:
A. Sleeping
B. Waking up
C. Feeling happy
D. Attention to moving objects
E. Activity level
38. Which of the following did NOT influence the
cognitive revolution?
A. The growing
use of computers, containing software programs that dictated how information is
processed
B. The founding of the Center for Cognitive
Studies at
C. The increased popularity of
information-processing theories of cognition
D. Freud’s theory that unconscious mental forces
produce psychological discomfort
E. The view of
the brain as hardware that functioned with the mind as software
39. Charles
Whitman wrote in his suicide note “I think there is something wrong with my
brain.” If only he had taken
Introductory Psychology, which of the following might Charles Whitman have
specified to his psychiatrist before resorting to violence?
A. I think there is something wrong with my
Broca’s Area.
B. I think there is something wrong with my
amygdala.
C. I think there is something wrong with my
corpus callosum.
D. I think I suffer from blindsight.
E. I think there is a reptile in my brain.
40. ________
refers to whether the data you collect address the question you are asking;
_________ refers to whether your measure will be consistent over time.
A. Accuracy…reliability
B. Reliability…validity
C. Validity…reliability
D. Reliability…accuracy
E.
Validity…accuracy
41. You’ve just
been introduced to someone and adjust your thoughts and behaviors accordingly
because she smiles when she meets you. A
psychologist would likely explain this at the _______ level of analysis.
A. Brain system
B. Automatic
C. Individual differences
D. Interpersonal
E. Genetic
42. Which of the following factors accounts for
variation between clones?
A. The environment
B.
Stem cells
C.
Genetics
D.
The placenta
E. There is
no variation between clones
43. Postsynaptic
receptors receive neurotransmitters based on the receptor’s _______:
A.
Molecular structure
B. Potassium ions
C. Mood
D. Sodium ions
E.
Volume
44.
The primary auditory cortex is located in the _____ lobe.
F.
Occipital
G.
Hearing
H.
Prefrontal
I.
Frontal
E. Temporal
45. The neuronal workspace model suggests that
A.
We come into consciousness when one area of the brain becomes more
activated than any other.
B. We come into
the conscious realm when our brain hears or sees even the slightest stimulus.
C. The more
neurons that fire, the more work we are capable of accomplishing.
D. Every
reaction triggers an equal reaction, causing us to be aware of our
surroundings.
E. Neurons
enjoy personal space just as much as humans do between each other.
ANSWERS
1. b
2. c
3. a
4. c
5. d
6. a
7. d
8. b
9. c
10.
e
11.
b
12. a
13. d
14. a
15. b
16. e
17. d
18. c
19. e
20. b
21. b
22. b
23. e
24. b
25. e
26. b
27. c
28. c
29. a
30. a
31. b
32. b
33. d
34. a
35. c
36. c
37. c
38. d
39. b
40. c
41. d
42. a
43. a
44. e
45.
a