Introductory
Psychology – Test 3
Write your name and UTEID on
both the ScanTron and on THIS test. Be
sure and record the form number on the ScanTron.
1.
Dr. Flemming is
taking the history of a new patient. The
patient is a 22-year-old male. When he
was 7, he began capturing and torturing small animals. People who know him describe him as charming,
but not as caring. He has never had a
real job, but instead has started scheming people, particularly older women who
are taken in by his charming ways, out of their money. What mental disorder is this patient most
likely to have?
a.
Borderline
personality disorder because he seems to fear being alone but cannot get close
to people
b.
Antisocial
personality disorder because of his disregard for others
c.
Hebephrenic
schizophrenia because his behavior reflects the undeveloped morals of a child
d.
Schizoid disorder
because he does not seem to have genuine emotional responses to people
e.
Aggressive
dissociative disorder because he is aggressive towards animals and unable to
connect with people
2.
How are the
psychodynamic perspective and the trait perspective of personality similar to
each other, but BOTH different from the learning and socialization theory of
personality?
a.
The psychodynamic
perspective and trait perspective say that we are the sum of our traits; the
learning and socialization theory says there is a deep, core self that acquires
new knowledge and changes as a function of this knowledge.
b.
The psychodynamic
perspective and trait perspective believe that Neuroticism, especially as
related to sex, is the most powerful aspect of personality; the learning and
socialization theory says that personality can be changed through learning.
c.
The psychodynamic
perspective and learning and socialization theory are from the early 1900s; the
trait perspective is more recent.
d.
The psychodynamic
perspective and trait perspective say that we begin as blank slates; the
learning and socialization theory say that some of personality is in-born.
e.
The psychodynamic
perspective and trait perspective say that genes play a role in determining
personality; the learning and socialization theory does not.
3. Some psychologists would consider dysthymia __________
disorder because __________.
a.
an anxiety; it
often co-occurs with OCD
b. a childhood; it often first appears before age 10
c. a personality; it lasts such a long time
d.
a hard word to
spell; is has so many consonants
e.
a thought; it
mirrors many of the symptoms of schizophrenia
4. Autism most profoundly impairs
a. interpersonal attachment.
b.
the ability to
learn new skills.
c. cognitive processes.
d. mood states.
e.
the ability to
perceive salty tastes.
5.
The humanistic
approach to personality would be most consistent with which type of
methodology:
a.
trait
b.
script theory
c.
nomothetic
d.
social learning
and imaging methods (such as fMRI)
e.
idiographic
6. The personality traits of shyness, fearfulness, and
anxiousness have been associated with
a.
serial murders.
b. the frontal lobes.
c. the amygdala.
d. the pons.
e.
the reticular
system.
7.
Kasha had her
purse stolen last week as she walked out of a club downtown. The incident happened very quickly, but she
remembers that it was a tall man with brown eyes and hair. He was athletic, had a beard, and ran away
rapidly. At the police station a few
days later, Kasha was able to pick the thief out of a line-up of possible
suspects. Did Kasha likely pick the
right person?
a.
No, because
vision is very focused under stress, and she probably made up some of the
details.
b.
Yes, because
memory is very accurate when attention is focused on remembering like it is
during major life events.
c.
No, because the
information about the man was only processed by sensory memory and couldn’t
last until a line-up.
d.
Yes, because she
was the only person to see the man, and eye witness accounts are highly
reliable.
e.
No, because the
brain is unable to process and remember any information about events that
happen so quickly.
8.
a.
Somatoform
disorder
b.
Bulimia
c.
Fugue states
d.
Panic attacks
e.
Dissociation
disorder
9.
About a month
after the Texas A&M Bonfire disaster, there was an increased rate of
illness as well as fighting among the Aggie students. Why might this have happened?
a.
People were in
the adaptation phase of a disaster where they stopped thinking about the
bonfire. They could now devote their
energy to other things.
b.
Most people had
stopped talking about the disaster even though they were still thinking about
it. This holding back resulted in
increased stress reactions
c.
People began
blaming one another about what happened.
This blame-game phenomenon led to increased fights and poorer
sleep. Consequently, the loss of sleep
caused reduced immune function activity which caused greater illness rates.
d.
They were more
stressed than usual because of the “anniversary reaction”
e.
Students were
talking so much about the disaster that it led to fighting among them
10.
Projective
approaches to measuring personality work because of their reliance on the test
taker’s:
a.
Situationism
b.
Relationship with
the test maker
c.
Schemas and
selective search
d.
Levels of
dopamine
e.
Cerebral
hemisphere activation
11.
Self reports of
personality can present many problems, including people not knowing their own
behavior and people intentionally lying to look better. There are many methods of personality
assessment that have been shown to help us detect, manage, or avoid these
problems, including all of the following EXCEPT:
a.
Observing
behavior directly
b.
Including a lie
scale
c.
Using projective
assessments
d.
Stressing the
importance of being honest on a self-report
e.
Using informant
reports
12.
Which of the
following behaviors are you most likely to display when speaking to a high
status person?
a.
You will cover
your mouth when he speaks, showing you are submissive to him.
b.
You will mumble a
lot.
c.
You will change
the pitch of your voice to match his.
d.
You will use
“you” a lot in your speech.
e.
You will change
the pitch of your voice to be higher than his.
13.
Memory is not
like a __________, but rather like a __________.
a.
video recording;
song
b.
story; song
c.
story; motion
picture
d.
worn left shoe;
pair of blue velvet gloves
e.
video recording;
story
14.
Over the last ten
years, many people have entered psychotherapy and, with much guidance from
their therapist, have discovered that they were repeatedly sexually abused in a
ritualistic fashion when they were children.
Many report witnessing the mutilation and killing of children. According to research, what is the most
likely explanation for the appearance of these memories?
a.
these are true
memories that have been successfully repressed.
They are only able to become conscious through the process of
cryptomnesia
b.
these are a form
of flashbulb memories that were burned into memory because of their powerful
emotional association
c.
these memories
have been “forgotten” because of blocking.
On a certain level, people remembered the events much like the tip of
the tongue phenomenon.
d.
these are most
likely to be false memories and the result of confabulation brought about by a
therapist who strongly suggests that early events took place
e.
these memories
are buried because of anterograde amnesia brought about by years of alcohol
abuse following the early sexual abuse
15.
Which of the
following is true?
a.
The Whorff
hypothesis states that we remember colors by linking them in our minds to other
images that are the same color.
b.
The essence of
Freud’s approach is that anxiety results from the clash between interal drives
and the constraints of the culture. The
ways we manage this anxiety dictate our personality and mental health.
c.
Iconic memory is
the same as flashbulb memory except iconic memories refer to language and
thought whereas flashbulb memories are linked to vision and visual images.
d.
Schizophrenia and
unipolar depression are genetically very similar which explains why the
symptoms are virtually identical.
e.
Life is like a
bowl of cherries that taste suspiciously like marbles dipped in soap.
16. When people use techniques such as grouping,
a. they
have to remember approximately four times the normal amount (the 4-times rule).
b. they do not have to store unique information about
objects.
c.
they do not have
access to all of their mental information.
d.
they store all of
their memories in the right hemisphere.
e. they promote cognitive economy.
17.
Geronimo met a
girl at the bar last Friday. They talked
for about 20 minutes, and then her friends told her they needed to leave. As she was walking out of the bar, she
shouted her phone number to Geronimo.
What part of his memory will likely process this information?
a.
The information
will be processed by the photographic memory because numbers are easier to
remember if you visualize them.
b.
The information
will go directly to long term memory because he is motivated to call her again.
c.
Only the first
and last numbers of the phone number can be remembered because of the serial
position effect.
d.
The information
will be processed in short term memory and could reach long term memory through
rehearsal.
e.
The information
will be processed in the icortical memory because all memories go from
icortical to short term to long term memory.
18.
Which method
would Freud most likely use?
a.
Free association
because immediate thoughts are not random.
b.
Asking patients
to keep a journal to help bring the unconscious forward.
c.
Dream
interpretation because dreams are straightforward and simple to interpret.
d.
Personality
questionnaire because people are aware of their conflict.
e.
Asking a
patient’s father to come to a session to help work through the Electra complex.
19.
If a psychologist
shows you pictures and has you write about what you think is happening in the
lives of the people in those pictures, he or she is likely interested in
personality and using the ____________________ to measure your
________________________.
a.
Thematic
Apperception Test (TAT); need for appreciation, affluence, and people.
b.
Therapeutic
Apperception Test (TAT); need for appreciation, affiliation, and perception.
c.
Tolerance for
Answering Test Questions (TATQ); need for this test to be completed.
d.
Thematic
Apperception Test (TAT); need for achievement, affiliation, and power.
e.
Therapeutic
Apperception Test (TAT); need for success, attachment, and control.
20. The crux of what theory is that unconscious wishes and
desires influence behavior?
a. psychodynamic
b.
trait
c. social-cognitive
d. humanistic
e.
neo-Piaget
21. People with anxiety disorders tend to
a. focus on others' attempts to try to cheer them up.
b. interpret ambiguous behaviors as dangerous.
c. suppress or stifle thoughts of fearful stimuli.
d.
assume that most
stimuli are nonthreatening, unless given reason to fear it.
e.
laugh at danger.
22.
Lester was
telling his friends about a recent fishing trip. In it, he recounted how he caught several 90
pound catfish. He looked up and noticed
his friend with his hand covering his mouth.
Lester should interpret this behavior as:
a.
His friend is
shocked and amazed about the story and the fish that he caught.
b.
His friend is bored
with the story and trying not to yawn.
c.
His friend is
having trouble believing that Lester really caught the fish.
d.
His friend wants
to tell his own story too but has to cover his mouth to keep from interrupting.
e.
Lester should not
read anything into the behavior. It’s
meaningless.
23.
David recently
broke up with Shelley, the co-worker that he had been dating. After the break-up, Shelley became really
aggressive at work. She would drive by
his house at night to see if he was home, and she would stalk him on the
weekends. She even threatened to kill
herself if David wouldn’t start dating her again. Shelley would most likely be diagnosed as
having which of the following disorders?
a.
Borderline
personality disorder because she seems to fear being alone.
b.
Obsessive-compulsive
disorder because she can’t stop thinking about David or following him.
c.
Narcissistic
disorder because she is behaving in ways that society would deem irrational.
d.
Schizoid disorder
because she is paranoid that David might be with another girl.
e.
Aggressive
depressive disorder because is becoming aggressive and threatening suicide.
24. Rates of schizophrenia in different cultures seem to
be determined
a. by diet and alcohol abuse – ironically, the poorer the
diet and the more alcohol consumed, the lower the rates of schizophrenia.
b.
by genetics and
the environment, though rates of schizophrenia tend to be similar across
cultures.
c. by beliefs about reality and perceptions.
d. by cultural tolerance for certain behavioral patterns,
such as hallucinations.
e. by the level of education people usually reach.
25. A basic component of script theory involves
a. a prototypical exemplar.
b.
the assumption
that people have generalized roles that change in any given context.
c. the assumption that common situations are comprised of
a series of linked events.
d.
really good
actors.
e. defining attributes with firm boundaries.
26. The __________ helps in consolidation, while memories
are stored in __________.
a. frontal lobe; the hippocampus
b.
frontal lobe; the
basal ganglia
c.
chapter outline;
my class notes
d.
medial temporal
lobe; the cortical areas used to perceive the stimuli
e. medial temporal lobe; the hippocampus
27.
Sun Mee is afraid
to leave her dorm and walk to class or to any other place because she’s afraid
of having a panic attack while walking there.
She is unable to go by bicycle, because the sidewalks and roads are busy
and it’s hard to avoid people. Sun Mee’s disorder would most likely be
diagnosed as:
a.
a dissociative
disorder
b.
posttraumatic
stress disorder (PTSD)
c.
a panic disorder
with agoraphobia
d.
generalized
anxiety disorder (GAD)
e.
a somatoform
disorder
28.
Within a 4-week
period, Latisha completely changed from being hostile and isolated to becoming
warm and friendly. Which of the
following would NOT be a good explanation of this change:
a.
Her parents were
killed in an airplane crash
b.
She underwent a
quantum change in personality after taking a long walk
c.
She started
taking a drug that affected her serotonin levels
d.
She changed her
diet by reducing carbohydrates (rice and potatoes) and increasing her protein
levels (more fish and red meat)
e.
She quit a job
where she was under constant pressure and her boss was abusive
29.
Who of the
following would be most likely to commit suicide?
a.
Jin, who has been
suffering from generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) for 10 years
b.
Sanjay, who feels
paralyzed by his collection of phobias
c.
Vishal, who has
recently been hospitalized for his catatonic schizophrenia
d.
Michaela, who
just married Roger and is experiencing unipolar depression
e.
Thurston, who has
been suffering from bipolar depression and substance abuse
30.
Which of the
following is FALSE about the DSM-IV?
a.
The DSM-IV
requires information about patients’ early childhood experiences in order to
make adequate personality classifications
b.
It is possible to
classify someone as having a somatoform disorder by knowing the DSM-IV
c.
The DSM system
can classify people along both Axis I and Axis II
d.
Some of the
classifications in the DSM system have been influenced by political and not
scientific considerations
e.
In a few years,
the DSM-IV will be replaced by the DSM-V
31. Remembering the Little League game in which you
pitched a no-hitter and knowing what a no-hitter is are examples of what types
of memory, respectively?
a.
motor; semantic
b. motor; episodic
c. episodic; semantic
d.
implicit;
explicit
e. implicit; semantic
32. The M'Naughten rule (which is the basis of the
insanity defense) focuses on:
a.
whether the
accused is capable of understanding the charges against him or her.
b. whether the accused is responsible for his or her
actions.
c.
all of the other
answers are true.
d. whether the accused experienced overwhelming emotional
impulses at the time of a crime.
e. whether the accused knows right from wrong.
33. According to Bayes' theorem, if you find out that
someone you know got a cavity after rarely brushing his teeth, how will you
change your estimate of the likelihood of getting a cavity if you decide to
stop brushing?
a.
Bayes' theorem
does not apply to this example.
b. It depends on how long you intend to go without brushing.
c.
T x E = 45 x pi
d. You will predict that it is more likely that you will
get a cavity if you stop brushing.
e. You will predict that it is less likely that you will
get a cavity if you stop brushing.
34.
Peggy took her
I.Q. test about an hour after she had taken her final exam for her Biochemistry
class. The night before, she had gotten
only 3 hours of sleep because she was up studying for the Biochemistry
final. A few weeks later, Peggy gets her
Biochemistry test back and learns she got an A.
She also gets her I.Q. test back, but she learns that she scored very
low. You can reassure Peggy by telling
her that the I.Q. test may not be accurate.
If arguing from a measurement perspective, what reason should you give?
a.
X = T + E, where
T = True ability and E = environmental enrichment. Peggy’s test score is a combination of her
true ability and how she was impacted by how enriched and stimulating her
testing environment is. She must have
been tested in a dull, quiet, boring environment.
b.
Tests are not
perfect measures. Maybe Peggy got
another Peggy’s test results.
c.
Tests are not
perfect measures. They are affected by
error. This error of measurement can be
affected by things like stress and lack of sleep.
d.
Tests are always
pretty good measures of ability.
However, I.Q. tests don’t predict real world behavior or happiness, so
Peggy shouldn’t care what her score is.
e.
Tests are not
perfect measures. Peggy’s may have been
scored wrong. After all, if she can earn
an A in Biochemistry, she must have a high I.Q..
35. If your young niece describes a person she knows as
being "sort of nice" what personality approach is she using?
a. a type approach
b.
sort of a vague
theory
c. a psychodynamic approach
d. a trait approach
e.
a social-cognitive
approach
36.
Mike had
difficulty talking and describing pictures and events. When watching the Longhorns score a
touchdown, he might say something like, “Vince throw ball. Guy catch.
Touchdown.” Mike may have:
a.
damage to Broca’s
area because he can only speak in short sentences.
b.
damage to
Wernicke’s area because he seems to have a problem with function words.
c.
damage to the
hypothalamus because he has problems remembering an event.
d.
damage to
Wernicke’s area because he can only speak in short sentences.
e.
damage to Broca’s
area because he seems to have a problem with function words.
37. How well do patients with frontal lobe damage do in
memory tasks?
a.
They do not have
profound memory loss, but they do tend to forget the time sequence of events.
b. very poorly on all memory tasks.
c. It depends on the type of memory task: they do well at remembering names and facts
but poorly on faces and images.
d. They do not have profound memory loss, but they do
tend to forget autobiographical information.
e. very well since competing cues often associated
extreme emotions are blocked.
38.
Freud believed
that many things that we perceive, say, and do are the result of unconscious
processes. In modern research, Freud’s
belief:
a.
has been supported
in the case of subliminal perception but not with free associations and
“Freudian slips.”
b.
has been
supported by research in cognitive psychology;
although Freud’s observations were correct, they don’t necessarily
support his overarching psychodynamic theory.
c.
has been
supported in some cases but not others;
the weight of evidence now proves that his general psychodynamic model
is, in fact, highly accurate.
d.
is now explained
by his own mental disorder of reaction formation (probably due to issues with
his older cousin, Hans Fleick).
e.
has been
completely discredited; there is no
evidence for subliminal perception or other unconscious processes and influence
awareness.
39.
Nima loved
chocolate. She was hungry and craving
chocolate cake. She saw some cake in a
nearby coffee shop and went to buy it.
According to Freud’s basic processes, which process is responsible for
going to the coffee shop?
a.
The id because
chocolate could satisfy the thanatos instinct.
b.
The id because
it’s always seeking pleasure.
c.
The ego because
it wants to satisfy desires.
d.
The superego
because it wants what is best for self.
e.
The superego
because going to the coffee shop was probably unconscious.
40.
Andy is taking an
exam to get into graduate school. Many
of his friends are also taking the exam, and many have spent a lot of money on
books and classes to prepare for the test.
Because of his beliefs about intelligence, Andy is not doing any
preparation for the test. What type of
intelligence theorist is Andy most likely to be?